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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Dermatol Sci. 2008 Jun 3;52(1):1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.03.012

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Various applications of genetically engineered knock-in mouse models. (A) Placing a subtle point mutation (asterisk) within a coding sequence is the most common use of the knock-in technology. (B) Insertion of a functional gene or sequence (e.g., lacZ, nuclear localization signal, etc.) expressed in tandem or as a fusion protein (green box) with the endogenous gene. (C) Targeted insertion of a DNA sequence (red box) that is not expressed but functions at the genomic or RNA level (e.g., loxP sites, siRNA). (D) Complete replacement of an endogenous gene locus (shaded box) with another related or unrelated functional gene (yellow box), such as a human homolog, cre recombinase, etc. (E) Partial replacement of a DNA sequence that has critical functions with a corresponding region of a related gene (red boxes).