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. 2013 Jun 24;13:228. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-228

Table 4.

The attitudes of physicians with different levels on patient safety culture

Items Residents
 Attending physicians
 Deputy directors
 Chief physicians
 χ2 P
NPR NOR NPR NOR NPR NOR NPR NOR
A1. People support one another in this facility
 98
 10
 77
 8
 57
 7
 38
 6
 0.76
 0.86
A3. When a lot of work needs to be done quickly, we work together as a team to get the work done
 98
 10
 69
 16
 44
 20
 39
 5
 14.98
 0.01
A4. In facility, people treat each other with respect
 99
 9
 72
 13
 58
 6
 38
 6
 2.77
 0.43
A11. When one area in this unit gets really busy, others help out
 88
 20
 60
 25
 49
 15
 34
 10
 3.16
 0.37
B2. Manager says a good word when he/she sees a job done according to established
 95
 13
 67
 18
 47
 17
 33
 11
 6.81
 0.08
B3. Whenever pressure builds up, my supervisor/manager wants us to work faster, even if it means taking shortcuts
 66
 42
 56
 29
 47
 17
 34
 10
 5.03
 0.17
B4. My supervisor/manager overlooks patient safety problems that happen over and over
 95
 13
 66
 19
 49
 15
 33
 11
 5.78
 0.12
A6. We are actively doing things to improve patient safety.
 93
 15
 70
 15
 49
 15
 38
 6
 3.00
 0.39
A13. After we make changes to improve patient safety, we evaluate their effectiveness.
 95
 13
 69
 16
 55
 9
 39
 5
 2.18
 0.54
F1. Hospital management provides a work climate that promotes patient safety.
 84
 24
 42
 43
 40
 24
 27
 17
 16.91
 0.01
F8. The actions of hospital management show that patient safety is a top priority.
 90
 18
 61
 24
 46
 18
 36
 8
 5.31
 0.15
F9. Hospital management seems interested in patient safety only after an adverse event happens
 77
 31
 51
 34
 38
 26
 27
 17
 3.80
 0.28
A10. It is just by chance that more serious mistakes don't happen around here.
 96
 12
 77
 8
 57
 7
 41
 3
 0.74
 0.86
A17. We had patient safety problems in this unit.
 50
 58
 64
 21
 45
 19
 36
 8
 26.66
 0.01
A18. Our procedures and systems are good at preventing errors from happening.
 76
 32
 40
 45
 38
 26
 20
 24
 13.79
 0.01
C1. We are given feedback about changes put into place based on event reports.
 69
 39
 46
 39
 32
 32
 22
 22
 4.41
 0.22
C3. We are informed about errors that happen in this unit.
 64
 44
 45
 40
 30
 34
 24
 20
 2.54
 0.47
C5. In this unit, we discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again.
 47
 61
 40
 45
 46
 18
 32
 12
 20.78
 0.01
C2. Staff will freely speak up if they see something that may negatively affect patient care.
 76
 32
 50
 35
 29
 35
 20
 24
 13.84
 0.01
C4. Staffs are afraid to ask questions when something does not seem right.
 83
 25
 64
 21
 47
 17
 30
 14
 1.30
 0.73
C6. Staffs feel free to question the decisions or actions of those with more authority.
 78
 30
 68
 17
 55
 9
 31
 13
 5.77
 0.12
A8. Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them.
 92
 16
 66
 19
 45
 19
 34
 10
 5.49
 0.14
A12. When an event is reported, it feels like the person is being written up, not the problem.
 99
 9
 69
 16
 47
 17
 35
 9
 10.46
 0.02
A16. Staff worry that mistakes they make are kept in their personnel file.
 99
 9
 77
 8
 57
 7
 40
 4
 0.33
 0.96
F4. There is good cooperation among hospital units that need to work together.
 85
 23
 44
 41
 32
 32
 23
 21
 21.89
 0.01
A2. We have enough staff to handle the workload.
 65
 43
 36
 49
 35
 29
 19
 25
 7.56
 0.06
A5. Staffs in this unit work longer hours than is best for patient care.
 64
 43
 49
 36
 38
 26
 31
 13
 2.16
 0.54
A7. We use more agency/temporary staff than is best for patient care.
 66
 42
 45
 40
 40
 24
 20
 24
 4.47
 0.21
A14. We work in "crisis mode" trying to do too much, too quickly. 90 18 67 18 53 11 40 4 3.01 0.39

Legend:NPR, Number of positive response answers; NOR, Number of other response answers.