Table 2. Orthogonal experiment L₂₇ (3¹³) and intuitive analysis.

ExperimentNO.	Factors			Inhibition zone (mm)
	Extractiontime (A)	Extraction temperature (B)	Solid toliquid ratio (C)	C.michiganense subsp. sepedonicum a
1	1 (6h)	1 (60°C)	1 (1∶10, g:mL)	15.57±2.53
2	1 (6h)	1 (60°C)	2 (1∶15, g:mL)	14.11±1.63
3	1 (6h)	1 (60°C)	3 (1∶20, g:mL)	15±1.91
4	1 (6h)	2 (70°C)	1 (1∶10, g:mL)	16.97±3.01
5	1 (6h)	2 (70°C)	2 (1∶15, g:mL)	14.38±1.72
6	1 (6h)	2 (70°C)	3 (1∶20, g:mL)	13.85±1.11
7	1 (6h)	3 (80°C)	1 (1∶10, g:mL)	17.35±1.32
8	1 (6h)	3 (80°C)	2 (1∶15, g:mL)	16.16±0.96
9	1 (6h)	3 (80°C)	3 (1∶20, g:mL)	14.97±0.92
10	2 (8h)	1 (60°C)	1 (1∶10, g:mL)	15.62±1.45
11	2 (8h)	1 (60°C)	2 (1∶15, g:mL)	15.16±3.08
12	2 (8h)	1 (60°C)	3 (1∶20, g:mL)	12.92±1.53
13	2 (8h)	2 (70°C)	1 (1∶10; g:mL)	15.95±2.83
14	2 (8h)	2 (70°C)	2 (1∶15, g:mL)	15.1±1.94
15	2 (8h)	2 (70°C)	3 (1∶20, g:mL)	11.45±1.90
16	2 (8h)	3 (80°C)	1 (1∶10, g:mL)	16.33±2.33
17	2 (8h)	3 (80°C)	2 (1∶15, g:mL)	14.87±1.07
18	2 (8h)	3 (80°C)	3 (1∶20, g:mL)	15.86±3.42
19	3 (10h)	1 (60°C)	1 (1∶10, g:mL)	18.49±0.77
20	3 (10h)	1 (60°C)	2 (1∶15, g:mL)	14.06±1.63
21	3 (10h)	1 (60°C)	3 (1∶20, g:mL)	13.24±1.39
22	3 (10h)	2 (70°C)	1 (1∶10, g:mL)	15.4±1.53
23	3 (10h)	2 (70°C)	2 (1∶15, g:mL)	15.36±2.66
24	3 (10h)	2 (70°C)	3 (1∶20, g:mL)	13.17±2.48
25	3 (10h)	3 (80°C)	1 (1∶10, g:mL)	15.06±1.80
26	3 (10h)	3 (80°C)	2 (1∶15, g:mL)	14.3±1.62
27	3 (10h)	3 (80°C)	3 (1∶20, g:mL)	12.1±0.97
K 1j b	15.37	14.91	16.30	∑402.8
K 2j	14.81	14.63	14.83
K 3j	14.58	15.22	13.62
R c	0.79	0.59	2.68
O d	A1	B3	C1

^aDMSO was used as control. A negative result was defined as an inhibition zone of 10 mm. Greater than 10 mm indicated positive result of the presence of antibacterial substance (S.D.). Each value was mean and standard deviation of four replications.

^bK_ij = (1/9) ∑ mean inhibition zone at factor j (j = A, B, C).

^cR_ij = max { K_ij } − min { K_ij }, j and i mean factor and setting level here, respectively.

^dO means the optimum condition. The optimum combination of conditions is A₁B₃C₁.