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. 2013 Jul 4;8(7):e68163. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068163

Table 3. Delays in action: need to validate severity and social position.

Patient Carer No. of cases Type of validation before treatment seeking
Adult male Adult female 2 Wives seek confirmation of severity by husband himself, adult relatives or neighbours. ‘my brother-in-law said “you must force him” but I explained that he wouldn’t listen to me so he told him that he should go to hospital. so he my husband said “I have heard, I will go”’
3 Male patients make decision alone whether to seek treatment. ‘Who decided he should go?’ ‘He decided himself’
Adult female Adult male 1 Husband makes decision with extended family in matriarchal society ‘That was decided by my brother-in-law … what should we do? “Lets take this person to the hospital so it was like we just shared the same idea with him”
1 Husband makes decision alone as socially alienated in wife’s village ‘some relatives were saying that we should go to the traditional healer but I said, fine, even if they call me abnormal or they say I am making a decision without consulting relatives, I will give my opinion whether they like it or not, but I will go to the hospital’
Infant Adult female 8 Mothers seek confirmation of extended family and friends more often than husbands or fathers ‘It was the same friends who told me that a child’s illness appears to be small while the disease is big because the child doesn't explain … it is better that you go to the hospital’
Infant Adult male 1 Father made decision alone since fails to trust neighbours in wife’s village ‘Since I arrived I have never seen anyone coming here to greet me, these people didn’t welcome me here so how can I be free? I don’t feel comfortable. That is how we live here. With this disease … they just see me going to the hospital with her and then coming back’
Adult female Adolescent daughter 1 Daughter sought confirmation from neighbours realising that confirmation from father/husband would delay treatment which saved the mother‘so when the child saw that things were getting worse its when she phoned my friends and four of them came’