Figure 4. SAR of rare variant association methods as a function of F_ST .

. We tested for spurious association rates at various divergence times, presented as F_ST estimates for comparison with European populations in HGDP (light blue shading). The various lines represent differences in disease risk according to the equations P(d = c|i = 1) = 0.02+ X and P(d = c|i = 2) = 0.02 − X. The dashed black line represents the α = 0.05 value used to determine significance and the dotted lines represent the 95% confidence intervals calculated by bootstrapping.