Table 3.
Strength, Movement Speed, Physical Function, and Quality of Life at Each Visit by Treatment Group.
| Score at visit * | Change from Baseline | Difference (PRE vs mFC) in Change from Baseline |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mFC | PRE | mFC | PRE | (95% CI) | P value† | |
|
Elbow Flexion Torque 1 |
||||||
| Off Medication | ||||||
| Baseline | 50·2 ± 17·8 | 47·6 ± 15·7 | ||||
| 6 Month | 54·1 ± 21·9 | 55·3 ± 17·2 | 4·0 ± 8·7 | 7·7 ± 7·3 | 3·7 (−0·8 to 8·3) | 0·1 |
| 12 Month | 51·1 ± 20·4 | 54·8 ± 17·5 | 0·1 ± 9·3 | 7·7 ± 6·9 | 7·6 (3·2 to 12·5) | 0·001 |
| 18 Month | 49·9 ± 21·2 | 53·9 ± 13·6 | −1·1 ± 10·0 | 6·8 ± 6·2 | 7·9 (3·7 to 13·2) | <0·001 |
| 24 Month | 43·2 ± 16·2 | 56·3 ± 15·2 | −5·3 ± 9·5 | 9·0 ± 6·9 | 14·3 (9·3 to 19·3) | <0·001 |
| On Medication | ||||||
| Baseline | 54·6 ± 20·3 | 50·8 ± 15·3 | ||||
| 6 Month | 57·2 ± 21·7 | 56·7 ± 17·4 | 2·6 ± 4·4 | 5·9 ± 6·9 | 3·3 (−2·2 to 8·9) | 0·25 |
| 12 Month | 53·2 ± 20·6 | 56·3 ± 15·3 | −2·3± 8·1 | 6·3 ± 7·2 | 8·6 (2·9 to 14·3) | 0·003 |
| 18 Month | 51·8 ± 19·7 | 55·5 ± 15·1 | −3·8± 6·4 | 5·8 ± 9·7 | 9·6 (3·9 to 15·5) | 0·001 |
| 24 Month | 47·2 ± 20·8 | 50·2 ± 20·0 | −6·0± 10·1 | 0·2 ± 16·3 | 6·2 (0·3 to 12·3) | 0·04 |
| Movement Speed 2 | ||||||
| Off Medication | ||||||
| Baseline | 330·3 ± 86·3 | 327·2 ± 79·7 | ||||
| 6 Month | 400·2 ± 99·5 | 387·8 ± 77·9 | 69·8 ± 61·4 | 60·6 ± 48·5 | −9·2 (−34·6 to 16·4) | 0·48 |
| 12 Month | 407·3 ± 95·5 | 413·0 ± 98·9 | 72·3 ± 51·7 | 86·8 ± 57·0 | 14·5 (−11·2 to 40·9) | 0·26 |
| 18 Month | 422·0 ± 90·7 | 424·1 ± 81·2 | 83·1 ± 54·2 | 106·0 ± 56·9 | 22·9 (−5·9 to 47·4) | 0·13 |
| 24 Month | 403·7 ± 73·6 | 438·1 ± 78·9 | 74·8 ± 53·5 | 118·3 ± 60·7 | 43·5 (9·2 to 64·7) | 0·009 |
| On Medication | ||||||
| Baseline | 374·9 ± 90·8 | 387·3 ± 79·5 | ||||
| 6 Month | 436·2 ± 98·4 | 426·1 ± 72·6 | 61·3 ± 60·1 | 38·8 ± 52·8 | −22·5 (−52·7 to 7·6) | 0·14 |
| 12 Month | 443·6 ± 102·1 | 454·2 ± 75·6 | 63·0 ± 76·3 | 69·3 ± 56·7 | 6·3 (−24·4 to 36·8) | 0·69 |
| 18 Month | 462·9 ± 97·8 | 461·0 ± 76·6 | 80·3 ± 69·5 | 82·4 ± 54·5 | 2·1 (−29·4 to 33·2) | 0·91 |
| 24 Month | 450·9 ± 79·0 | 461·2 ± 89·2 | 84·1 ± 64·3 | 80·5 ± 55·9 | −3·6 (−36·9 to 28·4) | 0·80 |
|
Modified Physical Performance Test 3 |
||||||
| Off Medication | ||||||
| Baseline | 27·4 ± 6·8 | 26·4 ± 5·0 | ||||
| 6 Month | 31·2 ± 5·2 | 29·2 ± 4·4 | 3·8 ± 2·9 | 2·8 ± 3·0 | −1·0 (−3·0 to 1·0)Ұ | 0·21‡ |
| 12 Month | 31·2 ± 6·1 | 29·9 ± 5·3 | 3·5 ± 5·0 | 3·5 ± 3·0 | ||
| 18 Month | 32·2 ± 4·0 | 30·5 ± 4·7 | 4·2 ± 4·2 | 3·8 ± 3·5 | ||
| 24 Month | 32·2 ± 2·5 | 31·2 ± 4·1 | 4·1 ± 6·1 | 4·6 ± 2·7 | 0·5 (0·0 to 4·0)Ұ | 0·10‡ |
| On Medication | ||||||
| Baseline | 31·1 ± 3·9 | 30·7 ± 4·0 | ||||
| 6 Month | 32·5 ± 4·1 | 31·2 ± 3·4 | 1·5 ± 1·8 | 0·5 ± 2·7 | −1·0 (−2·0 to 0·0)Ұ | 0·18‡ |
| 12 Month | 34·3 ± 1·8 | 31·6 ± 3·7 | 2·6 ± 2·1 | 1·0 ± 2·8 | ||
| 18 Month | 34·4 ± 2·0 | 32·9 ± 3·3 | 2·7 ± 2·4 | 1·8 ± 3·5 | ||
| 24 Month | 33·8 ± 1·8 | 32·6 ± 5·0 | 2·1 ± 3·5 | 1·7 ± 3·8 | 0·0 (−1·0 to 2·0)Ұ | 0·74‡ |
|
Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire 4 |
||||||
| On Medication | ||||||
| Baseline | 18·5 ± 11·3 | 23·5 ± 14·3 | ||||
| 6 Month | 18·4 ± 14·2 | 18·4 ± 13·0 | −0·1 ± 7·0 | −5·1 ± 7·7 | −5·0 (−7·4 to −0·6)Ұ | 0·02‡ |
| 12 Month | 20·1 ± 14·4 | 21·4 ± 15·8 | 1·8 ± 6·4 | −2·3 ± 5·2 | ||
| 18 Month | 17·7 ± 15·3 | 20·4 ± 17·4 | 0·3 ± 9·9 | −1·7 ± 10·9 | ||
| 24 Month | 19·6 ± 16·2 | 22·3 ± 18·3 | 3·4 ± 9·6 | 0·6 ± 13·3 | −2·8 (-9·3 to 6·1)Ұ | 0·53‡ |
mFC, Modified Fitness Counts; PRE, Progressive Resistance Exercise; CI, Confidence Interval
*
Plus-minus values are mean ± SD
†
P values are based on planned between-group contrasts using a mixed effects regression model unless mentioned otherwise
1
Positive change scores indicate improvement in elbow flexion torque in Nm
2
Positive change scores indicate improvement in elbow peak velocity in deg/s
3
Positive change scores indicate improvement in physical function
4
Negative change scores indicate improvement in quality of life
Ұ
Hodges-Lehman estimate of location shift
‡
P values are based on Wilcoxon rank-sum test