Figure 1. Morning cortisol levels in Tanner stage (TS) 1 and 5 male and female participants. A) total cortisol, and B) free cortisol. A) TS 5 males exhibited higher total cortisol levels compared to Tanner stage 1 males ( p=0.0001) and compared to TS 5 females (p=0.005). B) TS 5 males exhibited higher free cortisols compared to TS 1 males (p=0.0007) and compared to TS 5 females (p=0.018) (TS 1 females n=1; TS 1 males n=5; TS 5 females n=10; TS 5 males n=11).