Table 2.
Cancer and noncancer health effects and DWs of chemicals found at waste sites.
| Chemical | Cancer site (classification)a | Cancer-specific DWb | Health effect (noncancer) | DW (noncancer) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aldrin (W) | Liver (probable) | 0.20 | Liver toxicity | 0.104c |
| Asbestos (A) | Lung (confirmed) | 0.15 | NA | NA |
| Cadmium (A) | Lung (probable) | 0.15 | NA | NA |
| Cadmium (W,S) | NA | NA | Renal toxicity | 0.091d |
| Chromium VI (A,W,S) | Lung (confirmed) | 0.15 | NA | NA |
| DDT (W) | Liver (probable) | 0.20 | Liver toxicity | 0.104c |
| Lead (A,W,S) | NA | NA | Mild mental retardation | 0.361 |
| Decrement in IQ | 0.024e | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | NAf | |||
| Anemia | 0.024 | |||
| Lindane (W,S) | Liver (possible) | 0.20 | Liver toxicity | 0.104c |
| Mercury, inorganic (W,S) | NA | NA | Renal toxicity | 0.091d |
| Abbreviations: A, air; DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; DW, disability weight; NA, not assessed; S, soil; W, water.aHuman carcinogenicity classification (U.S. EPA 2012a). bCancer-specific DW was applied for a duration of 3years, then a DW of 0.75 was applied for 1year (metastasis), followed by a DW of 0.81 for 1year (terminal stage). cAdvanced hepatic disease. dAcute glomerulonephritis. eDevelopmental disability associated with protein–energy malnutrition. fDALYs calculated with the environmental attributable fraction approach. | ||||