Table 2.

Summary of studies that evaluated secondary outcomes

Study	Type and role of non-physician	Outcomes and result
Assefa, 2011 [15]	Health officer and nurse-initiated ART	Satisfaction: Patients were more comfortable with nurses and health officers who were friendlier and more supportive.
Boyer, 2011 [18]	Nurse-managed ART	Adherence: Patients going to hospitals with task shifting had non-significant decreased likelihood of non-adherence: OR=0.59, CI=(0.26–1.33). Treatment interruptions: Patients going to hospitals with task shifting had a non-significant increased likelihood of treatment interruption OR=01.29, CI=(0.49–1.38).
Bedelu, 2007 [13]	Nurse-initiated ART	CD4 testing: Patients getting nurse-initiated treatment at clinics were significantly more likely to have CD4 levels done than patients with physician-initiated ART (p<0.001).
Fairall, 2011 [14]	Nurse-initiated ART	Change in weight: Patients had a greater weight increase for nurses (1.3 kg) than for physicians (0.47 kg). Δ=0.77 kg CI=(0.20,1.34). TB diagnosis: There was no significant difference in likelihood of TB diagnosis of nurses and physicians. RR=1.11, CI= (0.86, 1.43). Change of ART drugs: Nurses were more likely to change antiretroviral therapy. RR=2.99, CI=(2.21,4.02).
Humphreys, 2010 [11]	Nurse-managed ART	Change in weight: There was no significant difference between weight gain for nurses (1.09 kg) than for physicians (1.04 kg). Satisfaction: Patients had a non-significant preference for nurse-managed care than physician-managed. RR=1.25, (CI=0.97–1.61).
Pienaar, 2008 [10]	Nurse-managed ART	Satisfaction: Patients preferred to see nurses over doctors. Nurses were considered to be more holistic.
Sanne, 2010 [9]	Nurse-managed ART	Toxicity failure: There was no significant difference in likelihood of toxicity failure for nurses than physicians. RR=1.04, CI=(0.74–1.45). TB diagnosis: There was no significant difference in likelihood of a diagnosis of TB for nurses than physicians. RR=0.92, CI=(0.55–1.53).
Sherr, 2010 [16]	Nurse- and clinical officer-initiated ART	Adherence: Patients being cared for by non-physicians had higher rates of adherence than physicians. RR=1.05 CI=(1.02–1.09). CD4 Testing: There was no significant difference between CD4 testing by non-physicians and physicians at one year of ART. RR=1.12 (CI=0.96–1.31).