Table 2.
Univariable analysis of preoperative predictors for major morbidity for appendectomy (N = 20,029)
| Pregnant (n=857) | Non-pregnant (n=19,172) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 27.3 ± 6.1 | 32.0 ± 9.8 | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Race | |||
| White | 571 (66.6) | 13,758(71.8) | 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 165 (19.3) | 2,368 (12.4) | 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Current smoker | 164 (19.1) | 4,105 (21.4) | 0.112 |
|
| |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 27.9 ± 6.4 | 27.1 ± 7.2 | 0.004 |
|
| |||
| Preoperative systemic infection | 340 (39.7) | 6,448 (33.6) | <0.001 |
| SIRS | 303 (35.7) | 5,784 (30.2) | 0.001 |
| Sepsis | 36 (4.2) | 642 (3.4) | 0.177 |
| Septic Shock | 1 (0.1) | 22 (0.1) | 0.634 |
|
| |||
| Current pneumonia | 0 | 10 (0.1) | 0.646 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (1.1) | 489 (2.6) | 0.006 |
|
| |||
| Hypertension | 10 (1.2) | 1,225 (6.4) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Steroid use for chronic condition | 2 (0.2) | 144 (0.8) | 0.048 |
|
| |||
| Known bleeding disorder | 7 (0.8) | 125 (0.7) | 0.560 |
|
| |||
| New or exacerbated congestive heart failure | 0 | 4 (0.0) | 0.840 |
|
| |||
| Prior myocardial infarction within 6 months | 0 | 7 (0.0) | 0.736 |
|
| |||
| Prior percutaneous coronary intervention | 0 | 32 (0.2) | 0.246 |
|
| |||
| Prior cardiac surgery | 2 (0.2) | 52 (0.3) | 0.591 |
|
| |||
| Angina within 30 days of surgery | 0 | 7 (0.0) | 0.736 |
|
| |||
| New York Heart Class III or IV | 4 (0.5) | 170 (0.9) | 0.129 |
|
| |||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0 | 46 (0.2) | 0.133 |
|
| |||
| Ventilator dependency | 0 | 3 (0.0) | 0.877 |
|
| |||
| Acute or chronic dialysis | 0 | 15 (0.1) | 0.519 |
|
| |||
| Acute or chronic renal failure | 0 | 5 (0.0) | 0.804 |
|
| |||
| Ascites | 4 (0.5) | 233 (1.2) | 0.024 |
|
| |||
| Esophageal varices | 0 | 2 (0.0) | 0.916 |
|
| |||
| Current cancer | |||
| Current radiation therapy within 30 days | 0 | 5 (0.0) | 0.804 |
| Current chemotherapy within 30 days | 0 | 29 (0.2) | 0.281 |
| Known CNS tumor | 0 | 5 (0.0) | 0.804 |
| Disseminated cancer | 0 | 23 (0.1) | 0.366 |
|
| |||
| Preoperative cerebrovascular disease | |||
| Prior transient ischemic attack | 1 (0.1) | 24 (0.1) | 0.710 |
| Prior CVA without neurologic deficit | 1 (0.1) | 22 (0.1) | 0.634 |
| Prior CVA with neurologic deficit | 1 (0.1) | 36 (0.2) | 0.526 |
| Hemiplegia | 1 (0.1) | 14 (0.1) | 0.481 |
|
| |||
| Spinal Cord Injury | 1 (0.1) | 19 (0.1) | 0.583 |
|
| |||
| Unintentional weight loss of > 10% in last 6 months | 2 (0.2) | 37 (0.2) | 0.502 |
|
| |||
| Functional status (dependent/partially dependent for ADLs) | 0 | 38 (0.2) | 0.190 |
|
| |||
| Preoperative blood transfusion > 4 units | 0 | 0 | |
|
| |||
| ASA | 0.300 | ||
| Class 1 or 2 | 802 (93.6) | 18,058 (94.2) | |
| Class 3 | 55 (6.4) | 1,063 (5.5) | |
| Class 4 | 0 | 48 (0.3) | |
| Class 5 | 0 | 3 (0.0) | |
|
| |||
| Emergency procedure | 706 (82.4) | 14,161 (73.9) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Operative time | 0.834 | ||
| < 1 hour | 632 (73.8) | 14,147 (73.8) | |
| 1–2 hours | 213 (24.9) | 4,625 (24.1) | |
| 2–3 hours | 11 (1.3) | 343 (1.8) | |
| 3–4 hours | 1 (0.1) | 42 (0.2) | |
| >4 hours | 0 | 15 (0.1) | |
|
| |||
| Type of anesthesia (general) | 808 (94.3) | 19,133 (99.8) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Wound class | <0.001 | ||
| 1-Clean | 1 (0.1) | 0 | |
| 2-Clean/contaminated | 360 (42.0) | 7,642 (39.9) | |
| 3-contaiminated | 324 (37.8) | 8,612 (44.9) | |
| 4-dirty | 172 (20.1) | 2,918 (15.2) | |
|
| |||
| Intraoperative blood transfusion | 2 (0.2) | 22 (0.1) | 0.274 |
|
| |||
| Open procedure | 312 (36.4) | 3,174 (16.6) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Laparoscopic procedure | 545 (63.6) | 15,998 (83.4) | <0.001 |
All values listed as n (%) unless otherwise specified
SD = standard deviation
ADLs = activities of daily living
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists
CVA = cerebrovascular accident
SIRS = systemic inflammatory response syndrome