Table 5.
Univariable analysis of predictors for major morbidity after cholecystectomy (N = 32,915)
| Pregnant (n=436) | Non-pregnant (n=32,479) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 27.8 ± 6.5 | 35.8 ± 9.4 | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Race | |||
| White | 288 (66.1) | 22,170 (68.3) | 0.326 |
|
| |||
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 98 (22.5) | 4,841 (14.9) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Current smoker | 100 (22.9) | 7,892 (24.3) | 0.510 |
|
| |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 31.7 ± 7.5 | 31.5 ± 8.4 | 0.707 |
|
| |||
| Preoperative systemic infection | 52 (11.9) | 1,682 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| SIRS | 49 (11.2) | 1,554 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Sepsis | 3 (0.7) | 117 (0.4) | 0.213 |
| Septic Shock | 0 | 11 (0.0) | .864 |
|
| |||
| Current pneumonia | 0 | 26 (0.1) | 0.707 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (1.8) | 1,543 (4.8) | 0.004 |
|
| |||
| Hypertension | 12 (2.8) | 4,465 (13.8) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Steroid use for chronic condition | 1 (0.2) | 333 (1.0) | 0.063 |
|
| |||
| Known bleeding disorder | 6 (1.4) | 130 (0.4) | 0.413 |
|
| |||
| New or exacerbated congestive heart failure | 0 | 28 (0.1) | 0.688 |
|
| |||
| Prior myocardial infarction within 6 months | 0 | 11 (0.0) | 0.864 |
|
| |||
| Prior percutaneous coronary intervention | 0 | 98 (0.3) | 0.270 |
|
| |||
| Prior cardiac surgery | 0 | 150 (0.5) | 0.135 |
|
| |||
| Angina within 30 days of surgery | 0 | 63 (0.2) | 0.431 |
|
| |||
| New York Heart Class III or IV | 11 (2.5) | 1,246 (3.8) | 0.155 |
|
| |||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0 | 194 (0.6) | 0.075 |
|
| |||
| Ventilator dependency | 0 | 12 (0.0) | 0.852 |
|
| |||
| Acute or chronic dialysis | 1 (0.2) | 79 (0.2) | 0.714 |
|
| |||
| Acute or chronic renal failure | 0 | 13 (0.0) | 0.841 |
|
| |||
| Ascites | 2 (0.5) | 98 (0.3) | 0.383 |
|
| |||
| Esophageal varices | 0 | 11 (0.0) | 0.864 |
|
| |||
| Current cancer | |||
|
| |||
| Current radiation therapy within 30 days | 0 | 11 (0.0) | 0.864 |
| Current chemotherapy within 30 days | 0 | 46 (0.1) | 0.541 |
| Known CNS tumor | 0 | 17 (0.1) | 0.797 |
| Disseminated cancer | 0 | 58 (0.2) | 0.461 |
|
| |||
| Preoperative cerebrovascular disease | |||
| Prior transient ischemic attack | 0 | 112 (0.3) | 0.224 |
| Prior CVA without neurologic deficit | 0 | 105 (0.3) | 0.246 |
| Prior CVA with neurologic deficit | 0 | 98 (0.3) | 0.270 |
| Hemiplegia | 0 | 67 (0.2) | 0.409 |
|
| |||
| Spinal Cord Injury | 0 | 80 (0.3) | 0.344 |
|
| |||
| Unintentional weight loss of > 10% in last 6 months | 5 (1.2) | 288 (0.9) | 0.566 |
|
| |||
| Functional status (dependent/partially dependent for ADLs) | 0 | 196 (0.6) | 0.073 |
|
| |||
| Preoperative blood transfusion > 4 units | 0 | 4 (0.0) | 0.948 |
|
| |||
| ASA | 0.252 | ||
| Class 1 or 2 | 376 (86.2) | 28,294 (87.1) | |
| Class 3 | 60 (13.8) | 4,014 (12.4) | |
| Class 4 | 0 | 169 (0.5) | |
| Class 5 | 0 | 2 (0.0) | |
|
| |||
| Emergency procedure | 92 (21.1) | 2,674 (8.2) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Operative time | 0.286 | ||
| < 1 hour | 202 (46.3) | 16,366 (50.4) | |
| 1–2 hours | 200 (45.9) | 13,287 (40.9) | |
| 2–3 hours | 27 (6.2) | 2,147 (6.6) | |
| 3–4 hours | 4 (0.9) | 475 (1.5) | |
| >4 hours | 3 (0.7) | 204 (0.6) | |
|
| |||
| Type of anesthesia (general) | 434 (99.5) | 32,436 (99.9) | 0.067 |
|
| |||
| Wound class | 0.002 | ||
| 1-Clean | 0 | 8 (0.0) | |
| 2-Clean/contaminated | 340 (79.0) | 27,010 (83.2) | |
| 3-contaiminated | 84 (19.3) | 5,097 (15.7) | |
| 4-dirty | 12 (2.8) | 364 (1.1) | |
|
| |||
| Intraoperative blood transfusion | 2 (0.5) | 76 (0.2) | 0.277 |
|
| |||
| Open procedure | 42 (9.6) | 1,473 (4.5) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Laparoscopic procedure | 394 (90.4) | 31,006 (95.5) | <0.001 |
All values listed as n (%) unless otherwise specified
SD = standard deviation
ADLs = activities of daily living
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists
CVA = cerebrovascular accident
SIRS = systemic inflammatory response syndrome