Table 4.
Prevalence and OR (95% CI) of the affirmative category of the clinical variables and of the delivery and newborn complications, for the no FGM/C and FGM/C (type I and II) groups
| Maternal symptoms | n (%)
|
OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No FGM/C | Type I and II FGM/C | |||
| Dysmenorrheaa | 64 (34.5) | 260 (60.5) | 2.91 (1.95–4.33) | <0.001 |
| Recurrent urinary tract infectiona | 20 (14.4) | 109 (25.5) | 2.05 (1.21–3.45) | 0.07 |
| Vulvar or vaginal paina | 7 (5.0) | 99 (22.8) | 5.58 (2.52–12.33) | <0.001 |
| Vaginal dischargea | 40 (28.8) | 230 (53.6) | 2.86 (1.89–4.33) | <0.001 |
| Painful intercoursea | 18 (12.9) | 156 (36.1) | 3.80 (2.23–6.48) | <0.001 |
| Bleeding during or after intercoursea | 3 (2.2) | 51 (11.7) | 5.99 (1.84–19.54) | <0.001 |
| Difficult penetration during intercoursea | 8 (5.8) | 103 (24.0) | 5.12 (2.42–10.79) | <0.001 |
| Complications during deliveryb | 11 (11.7) | 134 (46.9) | 6.70 (3.42–13.1) | <0.001 |
| Perineal tearb | 9 (9.6) | 97 (33.8) | 4.82 (2.33–10.00) | <0.001 |
| Prolonged laborb | 8 (8.6) | 62 (21.6) | 2.96 (1.36–6.44) | 0.003 |
| Need for episiotomyb | 3 (3.2) | 66 (24.7) | 9.06 (2.78–29.56) | <0.001 |
| Need for cesareanb | 1 (1.1) | 6 (2.3) | – | – |
| Fresh stillbirthb | 0 (0.0) | 11 (3.8) | – | – |
| Neonatal complicationsb | 5 (5.3) | 63 (22.5) | 5.17 (2.01–13.28) | <0.001 |
| Fetal distressb | 3 (3.2) | 40 (13.9) | 4.91 (1.48–13.27) | 0.005 |
| Caput of fetal headb | 1 (1.1) | 58 (20.6) | – | – |
Notes:
a
Of total number of answers for each question and for each group (no FGM/C, type I and II FGM/C), that may be less than or equal to the total number of cases
b
of the total number of deliveries for each group (no FGM/C, type I and II FGM/C); (−) not calculated because of insufficient number of cases.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; FGM/C, female genital mutilation/cutting; OR, odds ratio.