Figure 7.

HY-PDT treatment induces expression of apoptotic mediators, viz., BID, CYT-C, CASP3, CASP6, CASP7, CASP8, CASP9 and FAS in untreated and HY (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 μg/ml)-treated HepG2 cells. The gene expression analysis was performed at 12 h post HY-PDT treatment. Genes were classified as upregulated relative to untreated cells if the expression was >0.5-fold or as downregulated if the expression was <0.5-fold, compared with untreated HepG2 cells. Log₂-fold change of BID (a), CYT-C (b), FAS (c), CASP3 (d), CASP6 (e), CASP7 (f), CASP8 (g) and CASP9 (h) were calculated with expression of GAPDH taken as internal control for normalization of real-time qRT-PCR data. Data are mean±S.E.M. of n=3 independent experiments carried out in triplicate. Statistically significant differences are labeled as *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 and ****P<0.0001, compared with untreated cells using Student's unpaired two-tailed t-test; ns, nonsignificant