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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 5.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Cycle. 2009 Oct 3;8(20):3267–3273. doi: 10.4161/cc.8.20.9699

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Highly simplified diagram showing the signaling network between the inflammation and metastasis. Cancer cell in primary tumors are surrounded by numerous cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressors cells (MDSC) and neutrophils. These inflammatory cells produce pro-inflammatory factors, such as hypoxia, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1. These inflammatory factors activate NF-κB and STAT3 to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis through regulation the expression of transcription factors and proteases.