Table 4.
Loneliness effects on childbirth care evaluations by Immigrant and Japanese women across three time periods
| Immigrant women n = 236 (Independent variables: Loneliness and Literacy level) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period | Pregnancy | |||
| Dependent variable | Respect | Understanding | Cold | Care satisfaction |
| Correlation with loneliness | −.331 | −.249 | .222 | −.396 |
| t | −4.628 | −3.565 | 3.120 | −6.199 |
| Correlation with literacy level | −.397 | −.349 | .459 | −.087 |
| t | −5.744 | −5.206 | 7.137 | −1.270 |
| Period | Delivery | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | Respect | Understanding | Cold | Care satisfaction |
| Correlation with loneliness | −.349 | −.273 | .348 | −.420 |
| t | −4.822 | −3.902 | 5.125 | −6.641 |
| Correlation with literacy level | −.194 | −.477 | .220 | −.105 |
| t | −2.571 | −7.507 | −3.132 | −1.517 |
| Period | Postpartum | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | Respect | Understanding | Cold | Care satisfaction |
| Correlation with loneliness | −.402 | −.259 | .387 | −.438 |
| t | −5.548 | −3.669 | 5.969 | −7.967 |
| Correlation with literacy level | −.353 | −.425 | .209 | −.107 |
| t | −4.809 | −6.461 | 3.053 | −1.569 |
| Japanese women n = 568 (Independent variables: Loneliness) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period | Pregnancy | |||
| Dependent variable | Respect | Understanding | Cold | Care satisfaction |
| Correlation with loneliness | −.569 | −.406 | .268 | −.445 |
| t | −15.590 | −10.193 | 6.239 | −11.721 |
| Period | Delivery | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent Variable | Respect | Understanding | Cold | Care Satisfaction |
| Correlation with Loneliness | −.573 | −.252 | .546 | −.404 |
| t | −15.431 | −5.737 | 15.115 | −10.344 |
| Period | Postpartum | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | Respect | Understanding | Cold | Care satisfaction |
| Correlation with loneliness | −.674 | −.276 | .563 | −.467 |
| t | −20.546 | −6.428 | 16.075 | −12.488 |
All items were statistically significant (p < 0.01)