Table 1.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria for SAPHO syndrome57
| Inclusion criteria | Osteo-articular manifestations of acne conglobata, acne fulminans, or hidradenitis suppurativa (i.e., inflammatory synovitis, anterior chest wall hyperostosis or osteitis, hyperostosis or osteitis at another site,or spondylitis or spondylodiscitis) |
| Osteo-articular manifestations of palmoplantar pustulosis (i.e., inflammatory synovitis, hyperostosis +/− osteitis, or spondylitis or spondylodiscitis ) | |
| Hyperostosis (of the anterior chest wall, limbs or spine) with or without dermatosis | |
| CRMO involving the axial or peripheral skeleton with or without dermatosis | |
| Exclusion criteria | Septic osteomyelitis |
| Infectious chest wall arthritis | |
| Infectious palmoplantar pustulosis | |
| Palmoplantar keratoderma | |
| Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), except for fortuitous association | |
| Osteoarticular manifestations of retinoid therapy | |
| Other reported features | Possible association with psoriasis vulgaris |
| Possible association with an inflammatory enterocolopathy | |
| Features of ankylosing spondylitis | |
| Presence of low-virulence bacterial infections | |
The presence of 1 of the 4 inclusion criteria is sufficient for diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome.