Table 2.

Tested antibiotics and context of evaluation in the 35 relevant randomized controlled trials in neonates

Antibiotics	Infection/disease	Number of RCTs (%)
		Therapeutic use	Prophylactic use
Gentamicin		12 (34%)
	Suspected or proven bacterial sepsis or focal infection	8*
	Meconium aspiration syndrome		1
	Type of infection not stated	3*
Ampicillin + aminoglycosides		5 (14%)
	Neonatal pneumonia (+ gentamicin)	2
	Meconium aspiration syndrome (+ gentamicin/amikacin)		2
	Bacterial infection in high risk infants (+ netilmicin)		1
Vancomycin		4 (11%)
	Nosocomial coagulase-negative staphylococci infections		2
	Necrotizing enterocolitis		1
	Catheter-related bloodstream infections (+ heparin lock)		1
Erythromycin		4 (11%)
	Chronic lung disease with/without Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization		3
	Infectious conjunctivitis		1
Fucidic acid		2 (6%)
	Catheter-related blood stream infections (+ heparin lock)		1
	Infectious conjunctivitis	1
Amoxicillin		1 (3%)
	Catheter-related blood stream infections		1
Benzathine penicillin		1 (3%)
	Congenital syphilis		1
Linezolid		1 (3%)
	Sepsis due to resistant Gram + ve bacteria	1
Teicoplanin		1 (3%)
	Coagulase-negative staphylococci infections		1
Amikacin		1 (3%)
	Suspected or proven bacterial infection	1*
Azithromycin		1 (3%)
	Chronic lung disease		1
Ceftazidim		1 (3%)*
	Suspected or proven sepsis	1*
Various antibiotics		1 (3%)
	Suspected or proven sepsis	1

^*Antibiotic efficacy was evaluated upon pharmacokinetic parameters.