Table 1.

Some clinical trials of XCHT.

Author; year	Cases	Research design	Results
Hirayama et al. [8]; 1989	222 chronic hepatitis subjects	Double-blind, multicenter	The difference of the mean value of AST and ALT between the XCHT group and placebo group was significant; a tendency towards a decrease of HBeAg and an increase of anti-HBe antibodies was also observed in patients with chronic active type B hepatitis
Oka et al. [9]; 1995	260 cirrhotic subjects	Randomized, controlled	The cumulative incidence curve for 5 years of the trial group (XCHT combined with conventional drugs) was lower while the survival curve for 5 years of the trial group was higher compared with control group (conventional drugs). The difference was significant for patients without HBs antigen
Deng et al. [11]; 2011	24 chronic hepatitis C subjects	A single arm phase II study	Improvement of AST (16 subjects) and ALT (18 subjects) was observed; 9 subjects showed improvement in histology activity index scores
Bo and Du [14]; 2006	96 chronic hepatitis B subjects	Randomized, controlled	Experiment group (XCHT combined with α-interferon) showed better effect in aspects of ALT improvement and HBeAg negative transform than α-interferon treatment group
Li et al. [15]; 2001	110 chronic hepatitis B subjects	Randomized, controlled	ALT, total bilirubin, and serum liver fibrosis indexes were decreased in combination treatment group (XCHT and γ-interferon) and the difference was significant compared with γ-interferon treatment group
Sun et al. [16]; 2003	94 chronic hepatitis B with fibrosis subjects	Randomized, controlled	The liver function was improved and serum liver fibrosis indexes were decreased; the difference was significant between combination treatment group (XCHT and oxymatrine) and controlled group (reduced glutathione and vitamin treatment)
Wu [17]; 2009	142 chronic hepatitis B with cirrhosis subjects	Randomized, controlled	The liver function was improved and serum liver fibrosis indexes were decreased; the difference was significant between XCHT treatment group and controlled group (hepatic protective drug and antifibrosis drug treatment)