Table 3.

Metastasis and invasion-inhibitory effects of active components.

Author; year	Animal or cell	Active components	Factors and pathways
Zhu et al. [36]; 2011	HepG2 cells	Saikosaponin d	Cell growth↓ cell migration↓; AFP↓; p27 mRNA expression↑
Chiu et al. [55]; 2011	human hepatoma cell lines (HA22T/VGH and SK-Hep1)	Baicalein	The gelatinolytic activities of MMP-2, MMP-9, uPA↓; NF-κB activation↓; phosphorylation of PKCα and p38 proteins↓
Yoon et al. [73]; 2012	HepG2 cells	Ginsenoside Rh1	Inactivation of MAPKs; MMP-1 gene expression↓
Yoon et al. [74]; 2012	HepG2 cells	Ginsenoside Rd	MAPK signaling↓; activation of AP-1↓; expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-7↓
Weng et al. [82]; 2012	Hep3B cells	6-Shogaol; 6-gingerol	MMP-2 and MMP-9↓; uPA↓; the phosphorylation of MAPK↓; PI3K/Akt signaling↓; NF-κB activation↓