Table 4.
Gray matter atrophy in saccade-related brain regions
| Unadjusted mean ± SD
|
Post hoc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAG− | Premanifest CAG+ | Manifest HD | ||
| Frontal lobe thickness (mm) | ||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | ||||
| Left1 | 2.62 ± 0.14 | 2.51 ± 0.13 | 2.48 ± 0.06 | a, b |
| Right1 | 2.54 ± 0.12 | 2.44 ± 0.11 | 2.43 ± 0.07 | a, b |
| Rostral middle frontal gyrus | ||||
| Left1, 2 | 2.34 ± 0.12 | 2.23 ± 0.09 | 2.20 ± 0.11 | a, b |
| Right1 | 2.19 ± 0.11 | 2.16 ± 0.11 | 2.13 ± 0.03 | |
| Caudal middle frontal gyrus | ||||
| Left1 | 2.49 ± 0.10 | 2.39 ± 0.11 | 2.32 ± 0.08 | a, b |
| Right1 | 2.44 ± 0.10 | 2.42 ± 0.12 | 2.35 ± 0.04 | |
| Parietal lobe thickness (mm) | ||||
| Inferior parietal lobule | ||||
| Left1 | 2.43 ± 0.11 | 2.29 ± 0.12 | 2.20 ± 0.13 | a, b |
| Right1 | 2.48 ± 0.12 | 2.38 ± 0.16 | 2.27 ± 0.16 | a, b, c |
| Cingulate cortex thickness (mm) | ||||
| Rostral anterior cingulate | ||||
| Left | 2.70 ± 0.23 | 2.76 ± 0.23 | 2.66 ± 0.21 | |
| Right1 | 2.69 ± 0.17 | 2.61 ± 0.20 | 2.67 ± 0.14 | |
| Caudal anterior cingulate | ||||
| Left2, 3 | 2.61 ± 0.29 | 2.71 ± 0.29 | 2.53 ± 0.14 | |
| Right | 2.41 ± 0.23 | 2.42 ± 0.22 | 2.37 ± 0.30 | |
| Subcortical volume (mm3) | ||||
| Caudate nucleus | ||||
| Left1, 2, 3 | 3,436.7 ± 400.1 | 3,078.7 ± 282.6 | 2,268.4 ± 447.6 | a, b, c |
| Right1, 2, 3 | 3,522.8 ± 439.2 | 3,151.0 ± 354.5 | 2,411.0 ± 341.5 | a, b, c |
Post hoc testing indicates a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between a CAG− and preHD, b CAG− and HD, and c preHD and HD. Superscripts indicate significant effects (p ≤ 0.05) of covariates: 1age, 2gender, 3intracranial volume (ICV)