Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the Control and ADHD samples
| GROUP | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | ADHD | ||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | t | |
| Descriptive characteristics | |||
| Age | 19.0 (0.9) | 20.0 (1.7) | 2.61* |
| DSM-IV ADHD symptomsa | |||
| Childhood | |||
| Inattention | 0.8 (1.0) | 7.4 (2.0) | 14.07*** |
| Hyperactivity-impulsivity | 1.0 (1.3) | 6.8 (1.8) | 12.55*** |
| Current | |||
| Inattention | 0.9 (1.2) | 6.6 (2.3) | 11.81*** |
| Hyperactivity-impulsivity | 1.5 (1.2) | 5.0 (2.2) | 6.46*** |
| WAIS-III Estimated IQ scores | |||
| Performance | 113.5 (10.5) | 114.4 (8.7) | 0.31 |
| Verbal | 113.3 (10.5) | 118.9 (12.7) | 1.64 |
| Full Scale | 113.4 (8.3) | 116.6 (7.2) | 1.42 |
| WJ-III | |||
| Reading and Spelling | |||
| Letter Word ID | 105.1 (8.9) | 101.3 (9.8) | 1.40 |
| Word Attack | 100.4 (9.7) | 100.3 (9.4) | 0.05 |
| Spelling | 106.9 (7.9) | 103.6 (8.5) | 1.29 |
| Math | |||
| Calculations | 110.7 (13.5) | 106.2 (16.0) | 0.93 |
| Math Fluency | 102.3 (11.2) | 95.5 (11.6) | 1.93 |
| Percent Impaired | |||
| Control | ADHD | ||
| Domain of functioning | N (%) | N (%) | Χ2 |
| Global impairment (past 12 months) | 5 (22%) | 19 (83%) | 17.1*** |
| Management of responsibilities | 0 (0%) | 15 (65%) | 22.3*** |
| Academic functioning | 1 (4%) | 13 (57%) | 14.8*** |
| Social relationships | 0 (0%) | 16 (70%) | 24.5*** |
| Driving | 2 (9%) | 8 (35%) | 4.6* |
| Occupational functioning | 2 (9%) | 11 (48%) | 8.7** |
| Significant impairment in 1 or more domains | 5 (22%) | 23 (100.0%) | 29.6*** |
| Significant impairment in 2 or more domains | 0 (0%) | 19 (83%) | 32.4*** |
a
Parent and self-report ratings were combined to create the total symptom counts by coding each symptom as present if endorsed by either the parent or the participant (see Lahey et al., 1994).