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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 7.
Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2012 Feb;49(1):49–76. doi: 10.1007/s13524-011-0081-9

Table 2.

Child Wellbeing Indicators, Year 5 Full sample, and by Parental incarceration history

Outcome Full
sample
Incarc.
history
No incarc.
history
Sig.
Different
?
Aggressive Behavior 5.30 6.08 4.65 ***
(N=1,321 with incarceration history
1,341 without incarceration history)
(4.26) (4.60) (3.76)
Internalizing behavior 3.57 3.59 3.53
(N=1,333 with incarceration history
1,360 without incarceration history)
(2.93) (2.92) (2.91)
Attention problems 1.07 1.21 0.95 ***
(N=1,329 with incarceration history
1,366 without incarceration history)
(1.34) (1.41) (1.25)
Child rated as “excellent” or “very
good” health
88.5% 88.5% 89.2%
(N=1,772 with incarceration history
1,857 without incarceration history)
(0.319) (0.319) (0.310)
Verbal ability (PPVT-R) 93.19 91.33 95.80 ***
(N=1,109 with incarceration history
1,047 without incarceration history)
(15.41) (14.44) (15.85)
*

p<.05

**

p<.01

***

p<.001, in comparison of children with and without parental incarceration.