Table 1.
Demographic and clinical variables and behavior performance
| Remitted BD (n = 31) | Depressed BD (n = 21) | HC (n = 25) | F/χ2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at scan, mean (SD) | 32.63 (8.21) | 33.09 (8.38) | 31.75 (6.46) | 0.18 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 10 (32) | 2 (10) | 11 (44) | 6.62a |
| Female | 21 (68) | 19 (90) | 14 (56) | |
| Age of illness onset, mean (SD) | 18.03 (5.78) | 17.52 (6.01) | – | 0.09 |
| Illness duration, mean (SD) | 14.60 (7.37) | 15.56 (7.31) | – | 0.22 |
| HRSD-25 score, mean (SD) | 7.29 (5.53) | 24.62 (8.20) | – | 102.50a |
| YMRS score, mean (SD) | 2.39 (2.50) | 4.00 (2.72) | – | 14.64a |
| Lifetime presence of anxiety disorders, n (%) | 15 (48) | 14 (67) | – | 1.70 |
| Lifetime presence of somatoform disorders, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | – | 1.51 |
| Lifetime presence of eating disorders, n (%) | 2 (6) | 3 (14) | – | 0.88 |
| Lifetime presence of alcohol/drug abuse or dependence, n (%) | 16 (52) | 9 (43) | – | 0.38 |
| Antidepressants, n (%) | 15 (48) | 8 (38) | – | 0.54 |
| Antipsychotics, n (%) | 16 (52) | 10 (48) | – | 0.08 |
| Mood stabilizers, n (%) | 23 (74) | 13 (62) | – | 0.89 |
| Benzodiazepines, n (%) | 5 (16) | 4 (19) | – | 0.08 |
| Percent emotional labeling accuracy for all faces, mean (SD) | 95 (0.08) | 93 (0.07) | 96 (0.03) | 0.86 |
| Reaction time during emotion labeling for all faces, msec, mean (SD) | 961.39 (139.27) | 989.68 (164.14) | 934.96 (102.66) | 0.92 |
Gender ratio did not significantly differ between the healthy control participants (HC) and the remitted-BD group, but differed between the HC and the depressed-BD group [χ2 (1) = 6.69, p = 0.01] and marginally differed between the remitted-BD group and the depressed-BD group [χ2 (1) = 3.65, p = 0.06]. Remitted BD = bipolar disorder patients in remission; depressed BD = bipolar disorder patients in a depressed episode; SD = standard deviation; HRSD-25 = 25-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale.
a
p < 0.05.