. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 8.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Aug 8;92(3):340–348. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2012.110

Table 1.

Nfr2 activators and their effect on human and rodent tissues in vivo

Nrf2 activator	In vivo effects
Protandim	Rodents
	↓ Fibrosis in MD⁴⁰
	Humans
	↑ SOD and catalase activity³⁹
	↓ Lipid peroxidation³⁹
Dimethyl fumarate (BG-12)	Humans
Dimethyl fumarate (BG-12)	↓ MRI activity and lesions associated with MS³⁷
Oltipraz	Rodents
Oltipraz	↑ Hepatic Mrp2, Mrp3, and Mrp4 expression²⁸
CDDO-Im	Rodents
	Prevents cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity³²
	Prevents APAP-induced hepatotoxicity²⁵
	Prevents hepatic lipid accumulation⁵⁹
	Prevents ConA-mediated acute inflammatory liver injury
	↑ Ho-1 expression in liver²⁵
CDDO-Me (bardoxolone methyl)	Rodents
	↓ Inflammation
	Induces renal PPAR- and Ho-1 expression⁴⁷
	Prevents renal ischemia-induced increases in BUN⁴⁷
	Humans
	↑ GFR^41,43
	↓ Serum creatinine^41,43

APAP, acetaminophen; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CDDO-Im, 2-cyano-3,12 dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-imidazolide; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; Ho-1, heme oxygenase 1; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MS, multiple sclerosis; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ; SOD, superoxide dismutase.