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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 8.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012 May;69(5):493–498. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1481

Table 3.

Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD)

AD
VaD
Depressive Symptoms No (%) Unadjusted HR (95% CI) Adjusted HR* (95% CI) No (%) Unadjusted HR (95% CI) Adjusted HR* (95% CI)
 None 500 (5.1) Ref. Ref. 201 (2.1) Ref. Ref.
 Mid-life only 97 (5.1) 1.1 (0.9, 1.41) 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) 46 (2.4) 1.3 (0.9, 1.7) 1.2 (0.9, 1.7)
 Late-life only 105 (8.5) 1.9 (1.6, 2.4) 2.1 (1.7, 2.6) 32 (2.6) 1.5 (1.1, 2.2) 1.5 (1.0, 2.1)
 Mid-life and late-life 47 (8.2) 2.0 (1.5, 2.7) 2.0 (1.5, 2.7) 35 (6.1) 3.7 (2.6, 5.3) 3.5 (2.4, 5.1)

HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval.

*

Adjusted for education, gender, race, and number of comorbidities.