. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Addict. 2013 Jan;22(1):10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.00325.x. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.00325.x

TABLE 1.

Odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for associations between ADHD symptom domains and classes of DSM-IV lifetime substance dependence (N = 34,344)

Dependence class	OR (95% CI)^‡	OR (95% CI)^§	OR (95% CI)^\|\|
Inattentive symptoms
Alcohol	1.46 (1.42–1.51)^†	1.14 (1.09–1.18)^†	1.07 (1.02–1.12)^**
Nicotine	1.48 (1.43–1.53)^†	1.19 (1.15–1.24)^†	1.05 (1.01–1.10)^*
Depressants	1.62 (1.37–1.91)^†	.99 (.84–1.17)	.92 (.74–1.13)
Opioids	1.85 (1.62–2.11)^†	1.18 (1.02–1.38)^*	1.08 (.87–1.33)
Stimulants	1.66 (1.52–1.82)^†	1.10 (.99–1.22)	1.01 (.89–1.15)
Cannabis	1.80 (1.65–1.95)^†	1.14 (1.04–1.25)^**	1.05 (.93–1.20)
Hallucinogens	1.72 (1.38–2.15)^†	1.01 (.81–1.26)	.82 (.59–1.14)
Any illicit substance	1.77 (1.67–1.88)^†	1.18 (1.10–1.26)^†	1.08 (.98–1.18)
Polysubstance	1.72 (1.64–1.80)^†	1.22 (1.16–1.29)^†	1.11 (1.04–1.18)^**
Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms
Alcohol	1.47 (1.42–1.53)^†	1.16 (1.12–1.21)^†	1.12 (1.07–1.18)^†
Nicotine	1.59 (1.53–1.64)^†	1.32 (1.27–1.37)^†	1.29 (1.23–1.35)^†
Depressants	1.74 (1.44–2.11)^†	1.11 (.93–1.33)	1.17 (.93–1.48)
Opioids	1.94 (1.64–2.30)^†	1.26 (1.08–1.47)^**	1.20 (.97–1.49)
Stimulants	1.76 (1.59–1.94)^†	1.19 (1.07–1.33)^**	1.18 (1.03–1.36)^*
Cannabis	1.86 (1.68–2.06)^†	1.21 (1.09–1.35)^***	1.17 (1.01–1.35)^*
Hallucinogens	2.15 (1.68–2.75)^†	1.33 (1.03–1.70)^*	1.51 (1.04–2.18)^*
Any illicit substance	1.85 (1.72–1.99)^†	1.25 (1.16–1.35)^†	1.20 (1.08–1.33)^***
Polysubstance	1.79 (1.69–1.88)^†	1.29 (1.22–1.37)^†	1.22 (1.13–1.31)^†

OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. Depressants = sedatives and tranquilizers; opioids = opioid and heroin; stimulants = amphetamine and cocaine. Illicit drug = depressants, opioids, stimulants, cannabis, and hallucinogens. Polysubstance = greater than one substance dependence versus one or zero substance dependences. Significant findings are bolded.

Results reflect increase in odds of respective substance dependence diagnosis that is associated with each increase in 1 SD in the index symptom domain.

p < .05;

^**

p < .01;

^***

p < .001;

^†

p < .0001;

^‡

Unadjusted model.;

^§

Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity/race, income, education, conduct disorder symptoms, mood disorder, and anxiety disorder;

^||

Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity/race, income, education, conduct disorder symptoms, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and other ADHD symptom domain.