Table 2. Effect of vertical migration on dispersal distances, connectivity and larval export.

Variable	Without vertical migration	With vertical migration	p
Dispersal distance (median)	102.89±0.03	73.66±0.04	1.49E−49
Dispersal distance (75th percentile)	196.67±0.05	155.02±0.10	1.98E−45
Connectance	0.0476±0.0005	0.0371±0.0005	3.54E−20
Number of strongly connected clusters	46.6±3.5	61.3±1.6	4.33E−10
Number of weakly connected clusters	6.1±0.7	10.6±1.0	7.52E−10
Fraction of larvae retained on continental shelf	0.4414±0.0002	0.4827±0.0002	8.03E−39
Fraction of shelf area not receiving larvae	0.2231±0.0014	0.2997±0.0011	1.70E−28

Values are mean ± standard deviation on 10 replicates. Differences in variables between scenarios with and without vertical migration were tested using Student’s t test.