Table 2.

Identification of plasma metabolites at baseline and at 3-year follow-up

Identity	Formula [M + H]+	Exact mass (M + H)	Mass error (mDa)	Normalized peak intensities (mean ± SE)		Fold changea (vs. controls)	P b	VIP
				Baseline	Follow-up
l-Valine	C5H11NO2	118.0789	−6.0	13.0 ± 0.45	15.3 ± 0.53	1.140	0.001	0.2058
Pyrroline hydroxycarboxylic acid	C5H7NO3	130.0425	−6.4	3.30 ± 0.10	2.54 ± 0.10	0.737	<0.001	0.2809
l − Tryptophan	C11H12N2O2	205.0898	−7.6	32.1 ± 1.56	31.4 ± 1.64	0.944	0.704	0.8036
Linoleyl carnitine	C25H45NO4	424.3348	−4.4	25.6 ± 1.09	21.9 ± 1.29	0.845	0.009	1.4369
LysoPC (16:0)	C24H50NO7P	496.3324	−6.0	718.7 ± 16.2	778.1 ± 27.1	1.064	0.028	6.2029
LysoPC (18:0)	C26H54NO7P	524.3637	−6.2	545.9 ± 15.0	574.0 ± 17.0	1.043	0.231	4.6709
LysoPC (18:2)	C26H50NO7P	520.3325	−5.9	467.8 ± 11.4	510.6 ± 14.4	1.081	0.004	4.6890
LysoPC (18:3)	C26H48NO7P	518.3168	−6.2	12.5 ± 0.66	14.8 ± 0.98	1.152	0.068	0.4923
LysoPC (20:4)	C28H50NO7P	544.3325	2.5	54.7 ± 3.56	66.1 ± 6.38	1.175	0.021	1.4186
LysoPC (20:5)	C28H48NO7P	542.3168	−0.7	39.1 ± 1.52	45.4 ± 1.32	1.134	0.002	1.1194
LysoPC (22:5)	C30H52NO7P	570.3481	−8.3	1.88 ± 0.18	2.56 ± 0.22	1.272	0.002	0.0565
LysoPC (22:6)	C30H50NO7P	568.3325	3.6	48.3 ± 1.36	53.0 ± 1.16	1.083	0.007	0.5201
LysoPE (18:0)	C23H48NO7P	482.3168	−7.4	8.88 ± 0.50	10.7 ± 0.43	1.176	0.004	0.2748
LysoPE (22:6)	C27H44NO7P	526.2855	−5.8	28.1 ± 0.77	31.5 ± 0.98	1.107	0.003	0.5602
Total LysoPC	–	–	–	8.59 ± 1.23	6.51 ± 0.83	0.713	0.001	–
Unknown 1	–	417.3290	−7.3	–	–	0.100	–	0.5015
Unknown 2	–	585.2634	−8.5	–	-	1.720	-	0.5597

^aMean ± SE calculated by the mean of intensity of each metabolite from cases by the mean of intensity of each metabolite from controls

^b P-values derived from paired t-test with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test