Table 3.
Inflammatory markers, lipid peroxides, and adhesion molecules according to changes in arterial stiffness at baseline and at 3-year follow-up
| Controls (PWV decreased) (n = 27) | P a | Cases (PWV increased) (n = 30) | P a | P b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
| Baseline | 23.9 ± 0.47 | 0.343 | 25.3 ± 0.41 | 0.251 | 0.094 |
| Follow-up | 24.1 ± 0.35 | 25.1 ± 0.44 | 0.235 | ||
| Change | 0.16 ± 0.27 | −0.16 ± 0.13 | 0.194 | ||
| Waist-to-hip ratio | |||||
| Baseline | 0.91 ± 0.01 | 0.592 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 0.025 | 0.247 |
| Follow-up | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 0.91 ± 0.01 | 0.332 | ||
| Change | −0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.043 | ||
| ba-PWV (cm/s) | |||||
| Baselinea | 1,385.9 ± 49.7 | <0.001 | 1,299.3 ± 25.4 | <0.001 | 0.096 |
| Follow-upa | 1,306.1 ± 50.6 | 1,403.3 ± 31.4 | 0.118 | ||
| Change | −79.9 ± 13.7 | 104.0 ± 13.0 | <0.001 | ||
| White blood cells (×109/L) | |||||
| Baselinea | 6.71 ± 0.56 | 0.038 | 5.67 ± 0.29 | 0.508 | 0.088 |
| Follow-upa | 5.74 ± 0.25 | 5.81 ± 0.24 | 0.909 | ||
| Change | −0.97 ± 0.50 | 0.14 ± 0.26 | 0.043 | ||
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | |||||
| Baselinea | 1.84 ± 0.51 | 0.039 | 0.71 ± 0.11 | 0.040 | 0.005 |
| Follow-upa | 0.73 ± 0.09 | 0.94 ± 0.13 | 0.617 | ||
| Change | −1.11 ± 0.53 | 0.23 ± 0.17 | 0.007 | ||
| Serum IL-6 (pg/mL) | |||||
| Baselinea | 5.40 ± 0.82 | 0.038 | 4.28 ± 0.60 | 0.757 | 0.301 |
| Follow-upa | 3.37 ± 0.43 | 4.94 ± 0.78 | 0.226 | ||
| Change | −2.03 ± 1.01 | 0.67 ± 0.57 | 0.038 | ||
| 8-epi-PGF2α (pg/mg creatinine) | |||||
| Baselinea | 1,307.0 ± 111.1 | 0.399 | 1,394.5 ± 99.6 | 0.039 | 0.985 |
| Follow-upa | 1,182.9 ± 73.1 | 1,559.4 ± 99.3 | 0.003 | ||
| Change | −124.1 ± 115.6 | 164.9 ± 144.0 | 0.027 | ||
| MDA (nmol/mL) | |||||
| Baselinea | 10.2 ± 0.46 | 0.032 | 9.68 ± 0.42 | <0.001 | 0.292 |
| Follow-upa | 11.6 ± 0.55 | 13.1 ± 0.72 | 0.165 | ||
| Change | 1.42 ± 0.54 | 3.46 ± 0.67 | 0.027 | ||
| Oxidized LDL (U/L) | |||||
| Baselinea | 33.6 ± 2.08 | 0.009 | 34.3 ± 2.08 | 0.002 | 0.951 |
| Follow-upa | 41.4 ± 2.07 | 44.7 ± 3.21 | 0.954 | ||
| Change | 7.81 ± 2.66 | 10.4 ± 2.60 | 0.788 | ||
| sICAM-1 (pg/mL) | |||||
| Baseline | 181.7 ± 10.6 | 0.526 | 201.7 ± 10.6 | 0.676 | 0.290 |
| Follow-up | 187.6 ± 15.2 | 197.8 ± 12.1 | 0.615 | ||
| Change | 5.91 ± 10.7 | −3.96 ± 5.81 | 0.555 | ||
| sVCAM-1 (pg/mL) | |||||
| Baseline | 698.6 ± 74.4 | 0.335 | 660.5 ± 61.5 | 0.138 | 0.455 |
| Follow-up | 755.5 ± 104.5 | 745.6 ± 85.8 | 0.829 | ||
| Change | 56.9 ± 66.8 | 85.1 ± 65.4 | 0.659 | ||
| P-selectin (pg/mL) | |||||
| Baseline | 36.3 ± 2.92 | 0.342 | 32.2 ± 1.87 | 0.002 | 0.188 |
| Follow-up | 33.8 ± 3.06 | 39.5 ± 3.04 | 0.183 | ||
| Change | −2.53 ± 2.34 | 7.33 ± 2.67 | 0.004 | ||
aMean ± SE tested by logarithmic transformation. Tested by general linear model tests (mixed model tests) with adjustment
a P-values within a group derived after adjusting for changed SBP and DBP
b P-values between groups derived after adjusting for changed SBP and DBP
ba-PWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, MDA malondialdehyde