Table 2.
Hemodynamic Measurements at Baseline and Follow-up by Sex
| Women (N = 321) |
Men (N = 309) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Baseline | Follow-up | Change | Baseline | Follow-up | Change |
| Peripheral measurements | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) |
119.2 ± 14.2 | 127.8 ± 19.5 | 8.60 (6.74–10.40)* | 126.8 ± 14.31 | 131.6 ± 15.61 | 4.81 (3.09–6.53)* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) |
73.6 ± 9.3 | 77.9 ± 8.9 | 4.21 (3.15–5.27)* | 78.0 ± 11.01 | 82.3 ± 9.31 | 4.31 (3.09–5.53)* |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) |
88.8 ± 10.1 | 94.5 ± 10.9 | 5.67 (4.51–6.83)* | 94.3 ± 11.01 | 98.7 ± 9.81 | 4.48 (4.51–6.83)* |
| Heart rate (beats/ min) |
70.4 ± 9.4 | 64.6 ± 9.5 | −5.80 (−7.12 to −4.48)* | 67.5 ± 10.41 | 61.9 ± 9.91 | −5.56 (−6.86 to −4.26)* |
| Central measurements | ||||||
| Unstandardized for heart rate | ||||||
| Carotid AI (%) | … | 135.9 ± 26.4 | … | … | 121.0 ± 24.31 | … |
| Aortic AI (%) | … | 150.9 ± 28.6 | … | … | 133.9 ± 25.81 | … |
| Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (m/s) |
7.20 ± 1.45 | … | … | 7.60 ± 1.581 | ||
| Standardized to 75 (beats/min) | ||||||
| Carotid AI (%) | … | 130.2 ± 25.4 | … | … | 113.7 ± 23.51 | … |
| Aortic AI (%) | … | 145.7 ± 27.7 | … | … | 127.4 ± 25.31 | … |
| Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (m/s) |
7.30 ± 1.44 | … | … | 7.72 ± 1.581 | ||
Values are mean (±SD) or mean changes from baseline to follow-up (95% confidence interval).
1
Indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) with women.
*
Significance of the change from baseline to follow-up: P < 0.001. Hemodynamic measurements were only obtained at follow-up. Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity was measured in 285 women and 275 men.