Table 3.

Age- and sex-adjusted risk factors of HFPEF and HFREF

	HFPEF (196 events/12,631 examinations)			HFREF (261 events/12,631 examinations)
	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value
Demographics
Age, per year	1.12	(1.10–1.14)	< 0.001	1.11	(1.09–1.12)	< 0.001
Female	0.96	(0.72–1.29)	0.79	0.35	(0.28–0.46)	< 0.001
Clinical
Systolic blood pressure	1.17	(1.03–1.34)	0.02	1.30	(1.16–1.46)	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure	0.92	(0.80–1.05)	0.22	0.97	(0.86–1.10)	0.65
Hypertension	1.87	(1.33–2.64)	0.004	2.45	(1.79–3.34)	< 0.001
Heart rate, per 12 bpm	1.23	(1.08–1.40)	0.002	1.25	(1.12–1.39)	< 0.001
Prior myocardial infarction	1.33	(0.72–2.48)	0.36	5.23	(3.87–7.07)	< 0.001
Prior coronary heart disease	2.00	(1.42–2.80)	< 0.001	3.36	(2.58–4.37)	< 0.001
Cerebrovascular disease	1.25	(0.69–2.25)	0.46	2.74	(1.89–3.98)	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	3.31	(2.38–4.61)	< 0.001	3.87	(2.96–5.07)	< 0.001
Body-mass index, per 4.7 kg/m²	1.44	(1.26–1.64)	< 0.001	1.26	(1.11–1.43)	< 0.001
Current smoker	1.75	(1.20–2.55)	0.004	1.40	(1.00–1.96)	0.05
Valvular disease	4.08	(2.56–6.52)	< 0.001	2.46	(1.50–4.04)	< 0.001
HDL cholesterol, per 16 mg/dl	0.73	(0.62–0.86)	< 0.001	0.67	(0.57–0.78)	< 0.001
Total cholesterol, per 40 mg/dl	0.92	(0.79–1.07)	0.30	0.96	(0.84–1.09)	0.50
ECG criteria
Atrial fibrillation	2.76	(1.75–4.34)	< 0.001	2.04	(1.35–3.09)	< 0.001
Left ventricular hypertrophy	1.84	(1.27–2.66)	0.001	3.04	(2.30–4.02)	< 0.001
Left bundle branch block	2.15	(0.80–5.80)	0.13	4.03	(2.14–7.60)	< 0.001
Right bundle branch block	2.01	(1.24–3.25)	0.005	1.01	(0.60–1.71)	0.97

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HFPEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFREF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HR, hazard ratio;