Table 5.
Comparison of predictors of HFPEF versus HFREF
HFPEF | HFREF | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
log(HR) | s.e. | log(HR) | s.e. | p value | |
Demographics | |||||
Age, per year increase | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.008 |
Female | 0.26 | 0.16 | −0.53 | 0.15 | < 0.001 |
Clinical | |||||
Hypertension | 0.49 | 0.18 | 0.63 | 0.16 | 0.58 |
Heart rate, per 12 bpm increase | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.37 | 0.06 | 0.23 |
Prior myocardial infarction | −0.32 | 0.33 | 1.05 | 0.17 | < 0.001 |
Prior coronary heart disease | 0.53 | 0.19 | 0.64 | 0.16 | 0.66 |
Cerebrovascular disease | −0.24 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.09 |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.61 | 0.18 | 0.74 | 0.14 | 0.58 |
BMI, per 4.7 kg/m2 increase | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
Current smoker | 0.73 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.13 |
Valvular disease | 1.16 | 0.25 | 0.64 | 0.26 | 0.15 |
ECG criteria | |||||
Atrial fibrillation | 0.66 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.12 |
Left ventricular hypertrophy | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.70 | 0.15 | 0.05 |
Left bundle branch block | 1.28 | 0.52 | 2.23 | 0.34 | 0.12 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body-mass index; HFPEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFREF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; log(HR), estimate of the regression parameter; s.e., standard error;