Table 3.
Examples of proteases from neurotropic positive-stranded RNA viruses and from retroviruses that interfere with the IFN pathway.
| Virus | Family | Protease | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Encephalo-myocarditis virus | Picornaviridae | 3C | Cleavage of RIG-I | [109] |
| Coxsackievirus | Picornaviridae | 3C | Cleavage of MAVS and TRIF | [110] |
| Poliovirus | Picornaviridae | 2A | Cleavage of ISGs | [111] |
| Poliovirus | Picornaviridae | 2A | Cleavage of eIF4G | [112] |
| Poliovirus | Picornaviridae | 3C | Cleavage of RIG-I | [113] |
| Poliovirus | Picornaviridae | 3C | Cleavage of eIF5B | [114] |
| Poliovirus | Picornaviridae | 3C | Cleavage of p65-RelA subunit of NF-kB | [115] |
| Enterovirus 71 | Picornaviridae | 2A | Cleavage of IFNAR1 | [116] |
| Enterovirus 71 | Picornaviridae | 3C | Sequestration of RIG-I | [117] |
| Enterovirus 71 | Picornaviridae | 3C | Cleavage of TRIF | [118] |
| Dengue virus | Flavivirus | NS2B3 | Cleavage of STING | [119,120] |
| HIV | Retroviridae | Pro | Cleavage of eIF4G | [121] |
| HIV | Retroviridae | Pro | Sequestration of RIG-I | [122] |
| Mouse hepatitis virus | Coronaviridae | nsp3 | Deubiquitination of TBK1 | [123] |
| Human coronavirus (HCoV) | Coronaviridae | papain-like protease (PLP) | Non-proteolytic disruption of STING-MAVS-TBK1/IKKε complexes | [124] |