Table 1.
Role of IL-1 cytokine family members in IBD and in GI-related cancers.
| Common name | IL-1 family name | Ligand-binding chain | Disease association | Potential role in IBD | Potential role in Gl-related cancers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-lα | IL-1F1 | IL-lR type I | CD, UC | Protective during early phase of inflammation | Induction of tumor growth, metastasis formation, and angiogenesis in gastric, liver, colon, and pancreatic cancer |
| IL-1β | IL-1F2 | IL-lR type I | CD, UC | Protective during early phase of inflammation | Induction of tumor growth, metastasis formation, and angiogenesis in gastric, liver, colon, and pancreatic cancer |
| IL-IRa | IL-1F3 | IL-IR type I | UC | Potential dual role | Protective |
| IL-18 | IL-1F4 | IL-18Rα | CD | Protective during early phase of inflammation | Protective in inflammation-associated colon cancer |
| IL-36Ra | IL-1F5 | IL-lRrp2 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| IL-36α | IL-1F6 | IL-lRrp2 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| IL-37 | IL-1F7 | IL-18Ra | Unknown for human IBD, antagonist for DSS colitis | Protective (correlates with breakdown of intestinal barrier) | Expressed in colon cancer cells |
| IL-36β | IL-1F8 | IL-lRrp2 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| IL-36γ | IL-1F9 | IL-lRrp2 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| IL-38 | IL-1F10 | IL-lRrp2 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| IL-33 | IL-1F11 | ST2 | UC | Protective | Possible support of tumor formation and progression |