Table 2.
Correlations among cognitive screening measures and the neuropsychological battery in SLE and RA*
| Total group (n = 222) |
SLE (n = 138) |
RA (n = 84) |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Impairment† | HVLT-R learning | HVLT-R delay | Letter fluency | PDQ-SF | Impairment† | HVLT-R learning | HVLT-R delay | Letter fluency | PDQ-SF | Impairment† | HVLT-R learning | HVLT-R delay | Letter fluency | PDQ-SF | |
| No. of neuropsychological indices impaired | 0.37‡ | –0.49‡ | –0.47‡ | –0.39‡ | 0.17§ | 0.44‡ | –0.50‡ | –0.48‡ | –0.44‡ | 0.10 | 0.37‡ | –0.51‡ | –0.49‡ | –0.33‡ | 0.20 |
| Neuropsychological impairment | 0.29‡ | –0.34‡ | –0.47‡ | –0.34‡ | 0.15§ | 0.34‡ | –0.36‡ | –0.37‡ | –0.37‡ | 0.12 | 0.16 | –0.34‡ | –0.26§ | –0.21 | 0.04 |
| CVLT-II learning index | –0.26 | 0.52‡ | 0.46‡ | 0.29‡ | –0.19 | –0.30‡ | 0.51‡ | 0.41‡ | 0.34‡ | –0.18§ | –0.27§ | 0.54‡ | 0.56‡ | 0.23§ | –0.19 |
| CVLT-II short delay free recall | –0.26‡ | 0.52‡ | 0.49‡ | 0.46‡ | –0.16§ | –0.29‡ | 0.50‡ | 0.46‡ | 0.34‡ | –0.19§ | –0.26§ | 0.55‡ | 0.52*‡ | 0.15 | –0.14 |
| CVLT-II long delay free recall | –0.29‡ | 0.50‡ | 0.48‡ | 0.30‡ | –0.15§ | –0.29‡ | 0.49‡ | 0.47‡ | 0.33‡ | –0.17§ | –0.30‡ | 0.53‡ | 0.50‡ | 0.27§ | –0.11 |
| CVLT-II recognition | –0.26‡ | 0.46‡ | 0.44‡ | 0.24‡ | –0.15§ | –0.28‡ | 0.41‡ | 0.40‡ | 0.25‡ | –0.16 | –0.37‡ | 0.52‡ | 0.52‡ | 0.23§ | –0.15 |
| Rey Complex Figure Test copy | –0.14§ | 0.30‡ | 0.34‡ | 0.18‡ | –0.06 | –0.21§ | 0.24‡ | 0.35‡ | 0.22‡ | –0.02 | –0.21 | 0.44‡ | 0.33‡ | 0.11 | –0.15 |
| Rey Complex Figure Test immediate delay | 0.16§ | 0.27‡ | 0.30‡ | 0.15§ | –0.13 | –0.22‡ | 0.24‡ | 0.30‡ | 0.16 | –0.11 | –0.24§ | 0.35‡ | 0.29‡ | 0.14 | –0.15 |
| Rey Complex Figure Test long delay | –0.19 | 0.31‡ | 0.30‡ | 0.17‡ | –0.07 | –0.26‡ | 0.28‡ | 0.31‡ | 0.21§ | –0.07 | –0.35‡ | 0.36‡ | 0.29‡ | 0.11 | –0.13 |
| Symbol Digit Modalities Test | –0.22 | 0.29‡ | 0.26‡ | 0.31‡ | –0.11 | –0.31‡ | 0.25‡ | 0.25‡ | 0.33‡ | –0.22‡ | –0.26§ | 0.53‡ | 0.50‡ | 0.27§ | 0.02 |
| Digit span (backward) | –0.27‡ | 0.26‡ | 0.21 | 0.28‡ | –0.04 | –0.28‡ | 0.26‡ | 0.24‡ | 0.32‡ | –0.01 | –0.16 | 0.27§ | 0.17 | 0.23§ | 0.10 |
| Color–Word Interference test | –0.19 | 0.26‡ | 0.27‡ | 0.29‡ | 0.03 | –0.23‡ | 0.20§ | 0.18§ | 0.24‡ | 0.19§ | 0.20 | 0.39* | –0.18 | 0.32‡ | 0.05 |
| Card-Sorting test | –0.27‡ | 0.26‡ | 0.27‡ | 0.29‡ | 0.03 | –0.26‡ | 0.39‡ | 0.37‡ | 0.32‡ | –0.06 | –0.11 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.27§ | 0.09 |
| Trail-Making test | 0.24‡ | –0.29‡ | –0.32‡ | –0.29‡ | 0.00 | –0.24‡ | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.18§ | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.09 | –0.03 |
| Letter fluency | –0.35‡ | 0.35‡ | 0.32‡ | 0.78‡ | –0.11 | –0.51‡ | 0.24‡ | 0.27‡ | 0.77‡ | –0.07 | –0.44‡ | 0.29‡ | 0.28‡ | 0.83‡ | –0.14 |
| Category fluency | –0.14‡ | 0.26‡ | 0.21‡ | 0.40‡ | –0.20 | –0.28‡ | 0.20§ | 0.16 | 0.45‡ | –0.25‡ | –0.31‡ | 0.39‡ | 0.28‡ | 0.34‡ | –0.23§ |
| Design fluency | –0.09 | 0.24‡ | 0.25‡ | 0.09 | 0.00 | –13 | 0.24‡ | 0.27‡ | 0.16 | 0.08 | –0.05 | 0.24§ | 0.23§ | –0.05 | –0.15 |
| Judgment of Line Orientation | –0.15§ | 0.31 | 0.30‡ | 0.14§ | –0.17§ | –0.18§ | 0.38‡ | 0.31‡ | 0.17 | –0.16 | –0.15 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.07 | –0.07 |
*
Nonparametric (Spearman's rho) used as necessary. SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; RA = rheumatoid arthritis; HVLT-R = Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised; PDQ-SF = Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Short Form; CVLT-II = California Verbal Learning Test-II.
†
Screening neuropsychological test impairment on ≥1 of 3 tests administered.
‡
P < 0.01.
§
P < 0.05.