Table 3.
Dengue activity in the state of Hawaii and the Territories of American Samoa, Guam, and Northern Mariana Islands, 1840s–2010.
| Year(s) | Activity reported | References |
|---|---|---|
| Late 1840s | First large dengue epidemic recorded in HI, associated with Aedes aegypti | [34] |
| 1903 | Large dengue epidemic in HI, ≈30,000 cases, associated with Aedes aegypti | [35] |
| 1943-1944 | DENV-1 epidemic in HI, ≈1,500 cases | [34, 36] |
| 1944 | Aedes aegypti reported to be eradicated from GU. Aedes albopictus reported to be present in the island | [37] |
| <1950 | Dengue cases were reported in AS and GU before 1950, no dengue epidemics reported in GU in recent times | [38] |
| 1995 | Possible dengue infection in German visitors to HI | [39] |
| 1972 | Dengue epidemic in AS (DENV-2) | [40] |
| 1975 | Dengue epidemic in AS (DENV-1) | [38, 40] |
| 1995-1996 | Dengue epidemic in AS (DENV-3) | [38] |
| 1997 | Reports of dengue cases in AS | [41] |
| 1998 | Dengue seropositive individuals reported in Saipan (MP) during 1998, DENV-2 implicated in epidemic activity | [42, 43] |
| 2001 | More than 1,600 dengue cases reported in AS (DENV-1), 3 deaths | [44] |
| Dengue outbreak in the MP, >1,400 cases reported | [45] | |
| 2001-2002 | Autochthonous transmission of dengue in HI, 122 confirmed cases, DENV-1 isolated, and Aedes albopictus was the implicated vector | [46] |
| 2007 | 63 dengue cases confirmed in AS, 23 cases hospitalized | [47] |
| 2008 | Dengue activity reported in AS | [48] |
| 2009 | Outbreak of ≈400 confirmed cases in AS | [48] |
| 2010 | Dengue cases reported in AS. Serosurvey conducted in 2010 revealed >95% of the tested individuals as seropositive for dengue | [8, 48] |
AS: American Samoa, GU: Guam, HI: Hawaii, and MP: Northern Mariana Islands.