Table 1.

Mean absolute deviation and root mean squared deviations for all outcomes used to validate models. Translational directions correspond to the medial-lateral (ML), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions. Rotational directions are reported in terms of flexion-extension (FE), adduction-abduction (AA), and internal-external (IE) rotations. Translations of the knee joint are measured as the tibial translation with respect to the femur.

		Squat		Toe-rise
MAD	RMSD	MAD	RMSD
eTibia Forces	ML (N)	76	92	46	57
	AP (N)	69	90	63	77
SI (N)	279	345	325	416
eTibia Torques	FE (Nm)	2.109	2.869	7.485	8.409
	AA (Nm)	8.737	11.548	21.026	25.257
IE (Nm)	1.889	2.406	2.114	2.507
GRF Left	ML (N)	23	32	6	9
	AP (N)	27	40	17	21
SI (N)	45	67	94	109
GRF Right	ML (N)	43	51	26	34
	AP (N)	18	22	31	36
SI (N)	53	72	82	99
Kinematics	Hip FE (deg)	0.5	0.6	1.2	1.3
	Hip AA (deg)	0.2	0.2	1.2	1.3
	Hip IE (deg)	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.7
	Ankle FE (deg)	0.9	0.9	1.3	1.4
	Ankle AA (deg)	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.2
	Ankle IE (deg)	1.8	2.3	4.2	4.6
	Knee FE (deg)	2.6	2.8	7.5	8.0
	Knee AA (deg)	0.5	0.7	0.3	0.5
	Knee IE (deg)	2.1	2.6	0.8	1.0
	Knee ML (mm)	0.5	0.7	0.3	0.3
	Knee AP (mm)	0.7	1.0	1.1	1.3
Knee SI (mm)	0.6	0.7	1.0	1.1