Table 2.

Data summarized over all subjects (n = 10) for talocrural (talus relative to tibia), talocalcaneal (calcaneus relative to talus), and talonavicular (navicular relative to talus)

	Position	Axis orientation			Rotation about (deg)	Translation along (mm)
Dorsiflexion in sagittal plane, relative to transverse plane (deg)	Inversion in coronal plane, relative to transverse plane (deg)	External rotation in transverse plane, relative to coronal plane (deg)
Talocrural	1→2	23.75 ± 23.57	8.00 ± 7.28	17.08 ± 8.01	6.94 ± 1.81	0.55 ± 0.26
	2→3	39.04 ± 18.45	10.96 ± 6.46	12.51 ± 5.52	8.69 ± 2.44	0.22 ± 0.11
	3→4	48.48 ± 15.13	13.06 ± 4.76	12.15 ± 6.37	8.62 ± 1.73	0.19 ± 0.13
	4→5	49.83 ± 12.38	15.96 ± 3.17	14.03 ± 5.62	8.99 ± 1.68	0.21 ± 0.10
	5→6	37.41 ± 56.38	33.58 ± 45.85	37.30 ± 38.51	3.06 ± 1.63	0.20 ± 0.15
	6→7	41.47 ± 51.09	11.68 ± 58.02	34.59 ± 51.12	4.69 ± 2.67	0.19 ± 0.15
	7→8	54.44 ± 13.59	22.89 ± 8.69	16.26 ± 4.89	5.83 ± 1.75	0.21 ± 0.16
	1→5	43.47 ± 11.59	12.67 ± 2.97	13.85 ± 5.87	32.57 ± 6.09	0.93 ± 0.36
	5→8	64.78 ± 13.30	36.33 ± 20.52	33.49 ± 50.91	11.46 ± 3.76	0.25 ± 0.24
1→8	48.79 ± 10.83	17.61 ± 3.27	16.05 ± 6.21	42.94 ± 4.41	0.99 ± 0.59

	Position	Dorsiflexion in sagittal plane, relative to transverse plane (deg)	Inversion in coronal plane, relative to transverse plane (deg)	Internal rotation in transverse plane, relative to sagittal plane (deg)	Rotation about (deg)	Translation along (mm)
Talocalcaneal	1→2	46.70 ± 12.89	80.39 ± 6.91	11.42 ± 7.94	3.37 ± 0.40	0.32 ± 0.22
	2→3	49.17 ± 8.20	78.04 ± 7.32	13.78 ± 8.54	4.91 ± 2.07	0.23 ± 0.13
	3→4	46.34 ± 6.63	73.42 ± 7.05	17.26 ± 8.23	5.23 ± 1.45	0.22 ± 0.18
	4→5	48.48 ± 6.69	62.46 ± 5.39	31.05 ± 8.44	3.70 ± 1.19	0.28 ± 0.21
	5→6	36.69 ± 7.88	63.73 ± 7.01	20.65 ± 6.57	5.65 ± 2.46	0.78 ± 0.50
	6→7	32.76 ± 9.54	54.08 ± 6.62	24.75 ± 6.07	2.80 ± 1.05	0.41 ± 0.15
	7→8	33.36 ± 15.33	53.77 ± 16.62	26.60 ± 21.05	1.56 ± 0.81	0.16 ± 0.13
	1→5	47.28 ± 6.91	73.39 ± 5.21	17.90 ± 5.38	17.18 ± 4.19	0.52 ± 0.31
	5→8	34.58 ± 7.92	59.61 ± 5.15	22.30 ± 5.93	9.97 ± 3.81	1.36 ± 0.69
1→8	42.80 ± 5.97	68.17 ± 5.10	20.52 ± 5.22	26.95 ± 4.74	1.18 ± 0.61
Talonavicular	1→2	25.82 ± 11.29	70.81 ± 18.76	8.17 ± 4.19	5.59 ± 0.97	0.33 ± 0.19
	2→3	37.67 ± 6.50	74.04 ± 11.86	13.59 ± 12.26	7.69 ± 2.96	0.47 ± 0.52
	3→4	45.94 ± 12.09	73.52 ± 9.90	20.20 ± 15.06	8.51 ± 1.98	0.48 ± 0.34
	4→5	48.49 ± 9.37	71.47 ± 5.64	22.12 ± 11.50	6.67 ± 1.68	0.27 ± 0.21
	5→6	31.86 ± 9.91	82.70 ± 19.64	6.35 ± 8.03	10.11 ± 4.36	0.74 ± 0.46
	6→7	29.14 ± 15.42	96.60 ± 39.57	4.01 ± 15.19	5.38 ± 1.48	0.39 ± 0.20
	7→8	28.37 ± 16.18	67.49 ± 86.05	−2.39 ± 13.22	3.23 ± 1.48	0.26 ± 0.26
	1→5	40.23 ± 7.14	74.59 ± 5.88	14.21 ± 7.70	28.14 ± 5.58	1.25 ± 0.61
	5→8	30.39 ± 9.59	87.39 ± 19.94	4.08 ± 8.55	18.32 ± 6.69	1.36 ± 0.55
	1→8	34.80 ± 6.33	76.67 ± 6.99	10.08 ± 5.09	46.16 ± 7.51	2.67 ± 0.59

1→2: position 1 to position 2.