Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the subjects
| Poor cognition (n = 26) | Control (n = 436) | |
|---|---|---|
| MMSE* |
21.0 ± 2.0 |
28.6 ± 1.7 |
| Age (years)* |
73.7 ± 7.9 |
68.3 ± 6.2 |
| Gender |
Male 12, female 14 |
Male 151, female 285 |
| Level of education (years)* |
8.7 ± 1.5 |
10.8 ± 1.9 |
| Smoking status |
|
|
| No |
18 |
339 |
| Current |
2 |
31 |
| Previous |
6 |
66 |
| Habitual alcohol intake |
|
|
| No |
14 |
273 |
| Current |
11 |
149 |
| Previous |
1 |
14 |
| Positive history of |
|
|
| Diabetes mellitus |
3 (11.5%) |
44 (10.1%) |
| Hypertension |
13 (50.0%) |
201 (46.1%) |
| Cancer |
3 (11.5%) |
34 (7.8%) |
| TMIG-IC score |
|
|
| Instrumental self-maintenance |
4.6 ± 0.8 |
4.9 ± 0.3 |
| Intellectual activity* |
2.9 ± 1.1 |
3.6 ± 0.7 |
| Social role |
3.4 ± 1.0 |
3.7 ± 0.6 |
| CES-D total score |
11.9 ± 7.1 |
10.3 ± 5.9 |
| Number of remaining teeth* |
5.8 ± 7.3 |
16.2 ± 9.7 |
| Number of teeth lost* | 22.3 ± 7.1 | 11.9 ± 9.6 |
Student's unpaired t test for continuous variables or chi-square test for categorical variables was used to evaluate the differences between poor cognition (MMSE ≤ 23) and control (MMSE ≥ 24). Values for the different tests are presented as mean ± S.D. MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, TMIG-IC Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence, CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression scale. *p < 0.05.