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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2013 Jan 16;247:392–401. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.005

Figure 4. Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics during hibernation.

Figure 4

A, MitoTracker staining shows accumulation of subsarcolemmal and cytoplasmic mitochondria in quadriceps muscle of hibernating squirrels. Scale bar, 10 μm. B, Western blot and density analyses of mitochondrial fractions shows significantly increased protein levels of ATP Synthase, Mitofusin-1 (Mfn-1), Mitofusin-2 (Mfn-2), and Fis-1, suggesting enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis during periods of hibernation. C, Relative increase of mitochondrial transcription factor A protein during hibernation. (**P<0.01, ***P<0.001)