Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Unit root tests for the residuals
| Estimated residual integration | Level | Mackinnon critical values for rejection of hypothesis of a unit root | Decision | Order of integration | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1% | 5% | 10% | ||||
| ADF unit root test | ||||||
| Residual | −4.929 | −3.670 | −2.693 | −2.621 | Stationary at level | I (0) |
| Philips-Perron (PP) unit root test | ||||||
| Residual | −4.964 | −3.670 | −2.693 | −2.621 | Stationary at level | I (0) |
