Table 2.

Differential diagnosis of respiratory complications in HIV patients

Infectious conditions	Non-infectious conditions
Bacteriala   Streptococcus pneumonia   Staphylococcus aureus   Haemophilus influenza   Pseudomonas aeruginosa   Klebsiella pneumoniae	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema Acute or chronic bronchitis Bronchiectasis Pulmonary arterial hypertension Asthma
Fungalb   Pneumocystis jirovecib   Cryptococcus neoformansb   Histoplasma capsulatumb   Coccidioides immitisb   Aspergillus	Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitisc Non-specific interstitial pneumonia Illicit drug-induced lung disease Medication-induced lung disease
Mycobacterial   Mycobacterium tuberculosisb   Mycobacterium kansasiib   Mycobacterium avium complexb	Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia Sarcoidosis Foreign body granulomatosis
Virus   Cytomegalovirusb   Herpes simplex virus Parasites   Toxoplasma gondiib	HIV-related neoplasms   Kaposi sarcomab   Non-Hodgkin lymphomab   Primary effusion lymphomab   Lung cancerb

^aAIDS defining if patient with HIV has two or more episodes of bacterial pneumonia within 12 months. ^bAIDS defining conditions. ^cAIDS defining in children aged <13 years and not applicable to adults.