Table 1. The analysis of Risk genes associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in adipocytes after treatment with and without SPIONs.
| Gene Name | Gene Description | Disease (GWAS) | MW (kDa) | pI | AD Exp | Adipocytes + SPION |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEGR1 | Neuronal growth regulator 1 | OBESITY | 24.7 | 6.29 | ND | UP |
| SEC16B | Protein transport protein Sec16B | OBESITY | 116.0 | 5.71 | ND | UP |
| ADIPOR1 | Adiponectin receptor protein 1 | OBESITY | 42.6 | 6.53 | Yes | Down |
| ADIPOR2 | Adiponectin receptor protein 2 | OBESITY | 43.8 | 6.11 | Yes | Down |
| TMEM18 | Transmembrane protein 18 | OBESITY | 16.2 | 9.35 | Yes | UP |
| INSIG2 | Insulin-induced gene 2 protein | OBESITY | 24.7 | 8.16 | Yes | Down(ND) |
| ETV5 | ETS translocation variant 5 | OBESITY | 57.8 | 5.43 | Yes | Down |
| DGKG | Diacylglycerol kinase gamma | OBESITY | 89.1 | 6.36 | ND | ND |
| GNPDA2 | Glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase 2 | OBESITY | 31.0 | 6.45 | Yes | Down |
| NCR3 | Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 | OBESITY | 19.2 | 8.91 | ND | ND |
| AIF1 | Allograft inflammatory factor 1 | OBESITY | 16.7 | 5.97 | Yes | Down |
| NAMPT | Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase | OBESITY | 55.5 | 6.69 | Yes | Down(ND) |
| MTMR9 | Myotubularin-related protein 9 | OBESITY | 63.4 | 5.98 | Yes | Down(ND) |
| LPL | Lipoprotein lipase | OBESITY | 53.1 | 8.37 | Yes | Down |
| PTER | Phosphotriesterase-related protein | OBESITY | 39.0 | 6.07 | ND | ND |
| PFKP | 6-phosphofructokinase | OBESITY | 22.8 | 8.87 | Yes | Down |
| MTCH2 | Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 | OBESITY | 33.3 | 8.25 | Yes | UP |
| MAF | Transcription factor Maf | OBESITY | 38.4 | 6.44 | ND | UP |
| SH2B1 | SH2B adapter protein 1 | OBESITY | 79.3 | 5.26 | Yes | Down |
| MC4R | Melanocortin receptor 4 | OBESITY | 36.9 | 7.88 | Yes | UP |
| KCTD15 | BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD15 | OBESITY | 31.9 | 7.05 | Yes | Down |
| CTNNBL1 | Beta-catenin-like protein 1 | OBESITY | 85.4 | 5.53 | Yes | Down |
| NOTCH2 | Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 | T2DM | 132.1 | 4.65 | Yes | = |
| THADA | Thyroid adenoma-associated protein | T2DM | 219.6 | 5.71 | Yes | Down |
| PPARG | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma | T2DM | 57.6 | 5.61 | Yes | Down |
| ADAMTS9 | A disintegrin & metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 9 | T2DM | 216.4 | 8.13 | Yes | = |
| IGF2BP2 | Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 | T2DM | 66.1 | 8.48 | Yes | Down |
| WFS1 | Wolframin | T2DM | 100.2 | 8.34 | Yes | Down |
| CDKAL1 | Threonylcarbamoyladenosine tRNA methylthiotransferase | T2DM | 65.1 | 7.2 | Yes | = |
| JAZF1 | Juxtaposed with another zinc finger protein 1 | T2DM | 27.0 | 8.63 | Yes | Down(ND) |
| SLC30A8 | Zinc transporter 8 | T2DM | 40.7 | 6.11 | ND | UP |
| CDKN2A | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, isoform 4 | T2DM | 61.1 | 9.13 | Yes | Down |
| CDKN2B | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B, isoform 4 | T2DM | 14.7 | 6.08 | Yes | Down |
| CDC123 | Cell division cycle protein 123 homolog | T2DM | 32.1 | 4.63 | Yes | Down |
| CAMK1D | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1D | T2DM | 42.9 | 6.77 | Yes | Down |
| HHEX | Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX | T2DM | 23.9 | 7.10 | ND | ND |
| TCF7L2 | Transcription factor 7-like 2 | T2DM | 63.4 | 9.03 | Yes | Down(ND) |
| KCNJ11 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 | T2DM | 43.5 | 8.15 | ND | ND |
| TSPAN8 | Tetraspanin-8 | T2DM | 26.4 | 5.48 | Yes | = |
| LGR5 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 | T2DM | 99.9 | 6.12 | Yes | Down(ND) |
| FTO | Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO | T2DM | 58.2 | 5.10 | Yes | Down |
| HNF1B | Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 | T2DM | 61.3 | 7.39 | ND | ND |
| PRC1 | Glucokinase regulatory protein | T2DM | 71.6 | 6.29 | Yes | Down |
| GCKR | Transmembrane protein 195 | T2DM | 68.6 | 6.24 | Yes | Down(ND) |
| TMEM195 | Alkylglycerol monooxygenase | T2DM | 51.5 | 7.75 | Yes | UP |
| ZFAND6 | AN1-type zinc finger protein 6 | T2DM | 22.5 | 6.87 | Yes | Down(ND) |
| KCNJ6 | G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 | T2DM | 48.4 | 5.24 | Yes | UP |
| CREB5 | Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 | T2DM | 56.9 | 8.76 | Yes | Down |
| PRDM6 | Putative histone-lysine N-methyltransferase PRDM6 | T2DM | 64.4 | 7.93 | Yes | = |
| GULP1 | PTB domain-containing engulfment adapter protein 1 | T2DM | 34.4 | 8.04 | Yes | UP |
| MTNR1B | Melatonin receptor type 1B | T2DM | 40.1 | 9.12 | ND | UP |
Gene name, gene description, pI (isoelectric focusing point), the Molecular weight (Mw) and the mRNA expression of each studied gene were shown in this table. Other abbreviations and symbols are: ND (not detectable), Down (down-regulation), UP (Up-regulation) and = (equal mRNA expression of that gene was observed for adipocytes (control) and upon SPIONs treatment. The Mw was expressed in kDa. pI was resulted from whole amino acid sequence of each protein and derived from www.expasy.org.