TABLE 2.

Fixed Effect Poisson Models of the Influence of Indirect Exposure to Violence on Wave 3 Frequency of Alcohol Use (Standard Errors in Parentheses)^a

	Males			Females
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Intercept	0.15*	−0.16*	−0.15	−0.06	−0.30**	−0.35**
	(0.06)	(0.07)	(0.08)	(0.07)	(0.08)	(0.09)
Independent variables
Indirect exposure	0.92**	0.48**	0.21	0.81**	0.53**	0.31**
	(0.13)	(0.11)	(0.12)	(0.10)	(0.09)	(0.11)
Control variables
Age	—	0.36**	0.19**	—	0.30**	0.18**
		(0.02)	(0.02)		(0.02)	(0.03)
Household salary	—	0.04	0.01	—	0.04*	0.05*
		(0.02)	(0.02)		(0.02)	(0.02)
African American	—	−0.09	−0.12	—	−0.55**	−0.44*
		(0.23)	(0.25)		(0.20)	(0.22)
Hispanic	—	0.18	0.18	—	−0.40*	−.23
		(0.19)	(0.24)		(0.16)	(0.21)
Other race/ethnicity	—	−0.20	−0.27	—	20.56*	−0.69**
		(0.33)	(0.48)		(0.27)	(0.23)
Low self-control	—	—	−0.09*	—	—	0.02
			(0.04)			(0.06)
Availability of drugs	—	—	0.32**	—	—	−0.005
			(0.07)			(0.07)
Peer substance use	—	—	0.16**	—	—	0.27**
			(0.06)			(0.07)
Parental problem   drinking	—	—	0.09	—	—	0.13
			(0.14)			(0.14)
Curfew	—	—	0.07	—	—	−0.03
			(0.09)			(0.08)
Prior alcohol use	—	—	0.40**	—	—	0.47**
			(0.12)			(0.14)
χ2	101.41	184.15	216.23	126.67	177.62	159.93

^aBased on 796 males and 819 females.

^*p ≤ .05.

^**p ≤ .01.