TABLE 7.

Fixed Effect Poisson Models of the Influence of Direct Exposure to Violence on Wave 3 Frequency of Marijuana Use (Standard Errors in Parentheses)^*

	Males			Females
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Intercept	−0.22*	−0.44**	−0.41**	−0.66**	−1.03**	−1.23**
	(0.09)	(0.10)	(0.12)	(0.11)	(0.12)	(0.16)
Independent variables
Direct exposure	0.69**	0.49**	0.29	0.87**	0.60**	−0.01
	(0.17)	(0.16)	(0.16)	(0.20)	(0.17)	(0.21)
Control variables
Age	—	0.29**	0.13**	—	0.38**	0.01
		(0.03)	(0.05)		(0.03)	(0.06)
Household salary	—	0.03	−0.01	—	0.02	0.01
		(0.03)	(0.03)		(0.03)	(0.03)
African American	—	0.13	20.41	—	20.003	0.01
		(0.49)	(0.40)		(0.27)	(0.28)
Hispanic	—	−0.11	−0.39	—	−0.68**	−0.15
		(0.41)	(0.40)		(0.16)	(0.21)
Other race/ethnicity	—	−.33	−0.57	—	0.53	0.83
		(0.56)	(0.43)		(0.55)	(0.50)
Low self-control	—	—	0.21*	—	—	0.34**
			(0.09)			(0.09)
Availability of drugs	—	—	0.23*	—	—	0.49**
			(0.11)			(0.16)
Peer substance use	—	—	0.30**	—	—	0.30**
			(0.12)			(0.12)
Parental problem     drinking	—	—	20.20	—	—	0.37
			(0.22)			(0.25)
Curfew	—	—	0.19	—	—	−0.24
			(0.12)			(0.13)
Prior marijuana use	—	—	0.40	—	—	1.41**
			(0.21)			(0.26)
χ2	94.47	123.34	146.71	100.44	172.86	281.53

^aBased on 796 males and 819 females.

^*p ≤ .05.

^**p ≤ .01.