Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 10.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Sci. 2011 Jun;12(2):211–221. doi: 10.1007/s11121-011-0206-9

Table 3.

Effects of value-added education on past month drug use and delinquency in 8th grade

Alcohol Use Heavy Episodic Alcohol Use
Estimate SE p-value OR1 LCL2 UCL3 Estimate SE p-value OR1 LCL2 UCL3
Base Model
 Baseline4 1.238 0.163 <.0001 3.45 2.51 4.75 1.384 0.255 <.0001 3.99 2.42 6.58
 Value-added School5 −0.503 0.190 0.008 0.60 0.42 0.88 −0.828 0.333 0.013 0.44 0.23 0.84
 Value-attenuated School5 −0.039 0.218 0.856 0.96 0.63 1.47 −0.106 0.326 0.744 0.90 0.47 1.70
Adjusted Model
 Baseline4 1.189 0.169 <.0001 3.28 2.36 4.57 1.318 0.267 <.0001 3.74 2.21 6.30
 Value-added School5 −0.286 0.205 0.164 0.75 0.50 1.12 −0.550 0.353 0.117 0.58 0.29 1.15
 Value-attenuated School5 −0.061 0.229 0.789 0.94 0.60 1.47 −0.121 0.344 0.724 0.89 0.45 1.74
 Academic Problems6 0.249 0.076 0.001 1.28 1.11 1.49 0.386 0.110 <.001 1.47 1.19 1.83
 Perceived Neighborhood Problems7 0.032 0.013 0.010 1.03 1.01 1.06 0.022 0.018 0.227 1.02 0.99 1.06
 Treatment8 0.077 0.106 0.468 1.08 0.88 1.33 −0.012 0.154 0.938 0.99 0.73 1.34
 Area Deprivation9 0.002 0.002 0.288 1.00 1.00 1.01 0.003 0.003 0.183 1.00 1.00 1.01
 Parental Monitoring & Communication10 −0.016 0.014 0.260 0.98 0.96 1.01 −0.022 0.020 0.274 0.98 0.94 1.02
 Hispanic11 0.566 0.119 <.0001 1.76 1.39 2.22 0.530 0.174 0.002 1.70 1.21 2.39
 White11 0.598 0.167 <.001 1.82 1.31 2.52 0.618 0.239 0.010 1.86 1.16 2.96
 Other Race/Ethnicity11 0.062 0.169 0.716 1.06 0.76 1.48 −0.180 0.270 0.504 0.84 0.49 1.42
 Male −.133 0.099 0.180 0.88 0.72 1.06 0.147 0.145 0.311 1.16 0.87 1.54
Cigarette Use Marijuana Use
Estimate SE P-value OR1 LCL2 UCL3 Estimate SE P-value OR1 LCL2 UCL3
Base Model
 Baseline4 1.231 0.397 0.002 3.42 1.57 7.46 1.862 0.318 <.0001 6.44 3.45 12.00
 Value-added School5 −0.744 0.305 0.015 0.48 0.26 0.86 −1.221 0.332 <.001 0.29 0.15 0.57
 Value-attenuated School5 −0.334 0.337 0.323 0.72 0.37 1.39 −0.016 0.277 0.954 0.98 0.57 1.69
Adjusted Model
 Baseline4 1.143 0.409 0.005 3.14 1.41 6.99 1.644 0.328 <.0001 5.18 2.72 9.84
 Value-added School5 −0.801 0.324 0.013 0.45 0.24 0.85 −1.104 0.348 0.002 0.33 0.17 0.66
 Value-attenuated School5 −0.430 0.352 0.222 0.65 0.33 1.30 −0.141 0.291 0.627 0.87 0.49 1.54
 Academic Problems6 0.344 0.104 0.001 1.41 1.15 1.73 0.397 0.097 <.0001 1.49 1.23 1.80
 Perceived Neighborhood Problems7 0.012 0.018 0.510 1.01 0.98 1.05 0.046 0.017 0.006 1.05 1.01 1.08
 Treatment8 0.066 0.145 0.650 1.07 0.80 1.42 0.096 0.136 0.478 1.10 0.84 1.44
 Area Deprivation9 −0.004 0.002 0.100 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.000 0.002 0.904 1.00 1.00 1.00
 Parental Monitoring & Communication10 −0.023 0.019 0.239 0.98 0.94 1.01 −0.019 0.018 0.291 0.98 0.95 1.02
 Hispanic11 0.144 0.172 0.403 1.15 0.82 1.62 −0.416 0.152 0.006 0.66 0.49 0.89
 White11 0.622 0.222 0.005 1.86 1.21 2.88 −0.245 0.222 0.270 0.78 0.51 1.21
 Other Race/Ethnicity11 0.186 0.225 0.408 1.20 0.77 1.87 −0.346 0.209 0.099 0.71 0.47 1.07
 Male 0.121 0.139 0.383 1.13 0.86 1.48 0.388 0.129 0.003 1.47 1.14 1.90
Stealing Group-Against-Group Fight
Estimate SE p-value OR1 LCL2 UCL3 Estimate SE p-value OR1 LCL2 UCL3
Base Model
 Baseline4 1.331 0.159 <.0001 3.78 2.77 5.17 1.229 0.096 <.0001 3.42 2.83 4.13
 Value-added School5 −0.574 0.250 0.022 0.56 0.35 0.92 −0.368 0.166 0.026 0.69 0.50 0.96
 Value-attenuated School5 −0.414 0.303 0.172 0.66 0.36 1.20 0.015 0.201 0.941 1.02 0.68 1.51
Adjusted Model
 Baseline4 1.165 0.167 <.0001 3.21 2.31 4.45 1.097 0.101 <.0001 3.00 2.46 3.65
 Value-added School5 −0.577 0.270 0.033 0.56 0.33 0.95 −0.402 0.182 0.027 0.67 0.47 0.96
 Value-attenuated School5 −0.409 0.316 0.195 0.66 0.36 1.23 −0.113 0.212 0.596 0.89 0.59 1.35
 Academic Problems6 0.314 0.093 0.001 1.37 1.14 1.64 0.208 0.072 0.004 1.23 1.07 1.42
 Perceived Neighborhood Problems7 0.008 0.015 0.621 1.01 0.98 1.04 0.019 0.019 0.110 1.02 0.98 1.06
 Treatment8 −0.056 0.130 0.669 0.95 0.73 1.22 0.066 0.099 0.508 1.07 0.88 1.30
 Area Deprivation9 −0.002 0.002 0.467 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.000 0.002 0.806 1.00 1.00 1.00
 Parental Monitoring & Communication10 −0.028 0.017 0.102 0.97 0.94 1.01 0.006 0.013 0.631 1.01 0.98 1.03
 Hispanic11 −0.188 0.144 0.193 0.83 0.62 1.10 −0.771 0.111 <.0001 0.46 0.37 0.57
 White11 −0.230 0.210 0.275 0.79 0.53 1.20 −0.783 0.161 <.0001 0.46 0.33 0.63
 Other Race/Ethnicity11 −0.275 0.199 0.167 0.76 0.51 1.12 −0.846 0.152 <.0001 0.43 0.32 0.58
 Male 0.489 0.124 <.0001 1.63 1.28 2.08 0.255 0.094 0.006 1.29 1.07 1.55
1

Odds ratio

2

Lower 95% confidence limit

3

Upper 95% confidence limit

4

Baseline level of the outcome variable

5

Normative schools are the referent group

6

A higher score on this item indicates more academic problems

7

Scores on this scale ranged from 7 to 35, with a higher score indicating greater perceived neighborhood problems

8

PNC treatment condition relative to the control

9

Scores on this scale ranged from −115 to 62, with a higher score indicating greater deprivation

10

Scores on this scale ranged from 0 to 20, with a higher score indicating greater parental monitoring

11

African Americans are the referent group