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. 2012 Jan 31;3(1):e0002. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10069

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Copyright: © 2012 Nadir and Brenner

This is an open-access article. All its content, except where otherwise noted, is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Heparanase, TFPI-2, and VEGF-A are elevated in placentas with vascular insufficiency.

A schematic summary of two studies⁷³^,⁷⁴ implying elevated levels of heparanase, TFPI-2, and VEGF-A in placentas of women with recurrent fetal losses, IUGR deliveries, and normal vaginal deliveries. In these three conditions vascular insufficiency occurs. As heparanase has a procoagulant role, it potentially can contribute to thrombosis in these placentas.