FIGURE 2:

RAGE expression on podocytes exposed to metabolic stressors. Cells were exposed to conditions for 2 days, and RAGE was detected by immunostaining (original magnification, ×200). Metabolic stressor conditions included: (i) C: control (no addition), glucose 5.5 mM; (ii) AA: increased amino acids, levels 4–6-fold >control; (iii) HG: high glucose, glucose 30.5 mM; (iv) AA/HG: combination of AA and HG; (v) AGE-bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA, 300 µg/mL).