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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 10.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ J Appl Econ. 2011 Jul;3(3):221–243. doi: 10.1257/app.3.3.221

Table 2.

Treatment & Health Outcomes for Heart-Related Emergencies

A. Florida Locals
Dependent Variable: Mortality
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

log(costs) 0.025 (0.0020) 0.013 (0.0020)

Local area: mean log(costs) | mortality −0.0061 (0.0043) 0.0048 (0.0038) −0.0020 (0.0037) −0.0030 (0.0039)

Controls for Personal Characteristics No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Controls for Patient ZIP Code Characteristics No Yes No No Yes Yes
Controls for Area Prices No Yes No No No Yes

Observations 749762
Mean of Dep. Variable 0.057

B. Visitors
Dependent Variable: Mortality
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

log(Costs) 0.025 (0.0025) 0.012 (0.0024)

Local area: mean log(costs) | mortality −0.035 (0.0094) −0.029 (0.0082) −0.028 (0.0081) -0.028 (0.0082)

Controls for Personal Characteristics No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Controls for Patient ZIP Code Characteristics No Yes No No Yes Yes
Controls for Area Prices No Yes No No No Yes

Observations 37185
Mean of Dependent Variable 0.058

The models are estimated by OLS and the standard errors are clustered at the Health Service Area level. Personal characteristics include the variables in Table A3, as well as indicators for each age, 5-year age indicators interacted with the white indicator, day of the week, and home state.