Table 5.
Mechanisms
| AMI Emergencies
|
All Heart-Related Emergencies
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent Variable: | Mean of Dep. Var. | Coeff on Area Intensity | S.E. | Mean of Dep. Var. | Coeff on Area Intensity | S.E. |
| A. Types of hospital costs | ||||||
| Total | 16438 | 11679 | (3080)** | 11557 | 8106 | (1650)** |
| ICU & CCU | 2092 | 2239 | (622)** | 1471 | 1498 | (409)** |
| Diagnostic | 2520 | 1783 | (312)** | 2107 | 1356 | (239)** |
| Surgical | 3924 | 1058 | (1090) | 2201 | 838 | (563) |
| Remaining | 7902 | 6599 | (1540)** | 5778 | 4414 | (835)** |
|
|
|
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| B. Indicator for Top 10 Most Frequent Procedures Among Local AMI Patients | ||||||
| 37.2 Dx procedures on heart and pericardium (catheterization) | 0.54 | 0.155 | (0.129) | 0.28 | 0.099 | (0.069) |
| 88.5 Angiocardiography (catheterization) | 0.52 | 0.156 | (0.134) | 0.26 | 0.093 | (0.067) |
| 36.0 Stent(s) | 0.25 | 0.148 | (0.105) | 0.10 | 0.066 | (0.046) |
| 99.2 Injection prophylactic substance (platelet inhibitor) | 0.15 | 0.057 | (0.046) | 0.06 | 0.02 | (0.020) |
| 96.7 Other continuous mechanical ventilation | 0.11 | 0.007 | (0.016) | 0.07 | 0.010 | (0.011) |
| 36.1 Bypass anastomosis for heart revascularization | 0.10 | 0.110 | (0.060)* | 0.04 | 0.050 | (0.028)* |
| 39.6 Extracorporeal circulation | 0.08 | 0.082 | (0.058) | 0.04 | 0.038 | (0.027) |
| 96.0 Nonoperative intubation of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts | 0.08 | −0.011 | (0.012) | 0.06 | 0.001 | (0.010) |
| 88.4 Arteriography using contrast material | 0.06 | −0.062 | (0.042) | 0.03 | −0.031 | (0.022) |
| 99.1 Injection prophylactic substance (excludes aspirin) | 0.06 | −0.05 | (0.025)** | 0.02 | −0.021 | (0.011)* |
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| C. Additional Measures of Inputs | ||||||
| Patient treated in Teaching Hospital | 0.09 | 0.36 | (0.163)** | 0.073 | 0.288 | (0.140)** |
| log(Length of Stay) | 1.40 | 0.39 | (0.142)*** | 1.250 | 0.227 | (0.092)** |
| American Hospital Assn: FTE Nurses per 1000 admissions | 27.1 | 9.6 | (3.07)*** | 27.3 | 11.4 | (2.88)*** |
| American Hospital Assn: FTE Total Staff per 1000 admissions | 94.9 | 43.9 | (11.5)*** | 95.9 | 51.7 | (10.6)*** |
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| Mean of Area Spending Intensity Proxy | 9.23 | 9.22 | ||||
| Standard Deviation of Proxy | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||||
| Observations | 15069 | 37185 | ||||
Each coefficient is from a separate regression with full controls. The models are estimated by OLS and the standard errors are clustered at the Health Service Area level. Costs are measured by charges deflated by a cost-to-charge ratio at the hospital x year level and expressed in 2003 dollars. American Hospital Association rows have 37038 and 15034 observations due to missing AHA data.
*
=10%;
**
=5%;
***
=1%.